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a conglomeration of signs and symptoms of central nervous system degeneration that result in progressive and persistent deterioration of intellectual functioning
Dementia
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Speech disorder resulting from generalized weakness of the oral musculature
Dysarthria
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Slow motor movements
Bradykinesia
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Unintended substiution of an invented or nonsense word that contains no similarities to the target (intended) word
Neologisms
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Inability to make sense of incoming auditory stimuli
Auditory Agnosia
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Inability to coordinate the limb or oral musculature to perform voluntary movements
Apraxia
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Inability to read, possibly due to neurological impairment
Alexia
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Inability to write
Agraphia
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Impairment of the abilities to comprehend and express language resulting from acquired neurological damage
Aphasia
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Slow labored speech, word retrieval deficits, and motor planning deficits due to a lesion or lesions in the anterior language area and left premotor cortex (Broca's area); includes Broca aphaisa, transcortical motor aphaisa, and global aphasia
Nonfluent Aphasia
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Aphasia in which the intiation and production of speech are intact, but deficits occur in semantics and comprehension
Fluent Aphasia
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A condition caused by blockage or bursting of an artery leading to disruption of blood flow to the brain and resulting in neurologic damage to the area of the brain that is supplied by that artery.
Stroke
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Lack of ability to recall names of people, common objects, and places
Anomia
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The unintended substiution of an incorrect word for an intended word
Paraphasia
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The determination of the most efficient and effective means by which the clinician provides therapeutic intervention
Treatment efficacy
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Two types of dementia and three etiological factors
Reversible (depression, infection, drug toxicity) Irreversible (AIDS, Alzheimer's, Pick's)
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Two major roles of the SLP when working with dementia patients
assist the muulitdisciplinary team with assessment of patient's language and cognitive status, be available to the patient's family to help structure the environment to facilitate the best communication possible
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Two terms for describing verbal expression characteristics in aphasia
Nonfluent, Fluent
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Three etiologies/causes of aphasia
Stroke, closed head injury, tumors
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Six cranial nerves most frequently involved in speech
Trigeminal V 5 (sensory, motor) Facial VII 7 (sensory, motor), Glossopharyngeal IX 9 (sensory, motor) Vagus X 10 (sensory motor) Spinal Accessory XI 11 (motor) Hypoglossal XII 12 (motor)
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Three primary fluent aphasias
Wernickes, Conduction, Transcortical Sensory
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Three primary nonfluent aphasias
Broca's, Global, Transcortical motor
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Statement concerning therapy for aphasia
stimulate disrupted process to promote functional reorganization, teach the use of compensatory strategies to communicate in face of residual deficits, provide education and counseling to family, eliminate "bad habits" that interfere with successful communication, promote suitable communication environment
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Progressive/ irreversable aphasia results in
Alzheimers, MID
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Cortical dementia with Huntington's/ Parkinson's
F
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Transcortical syndrome what's intact
Repetition
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Theory of restiution
based on time/psyological damage
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Pick's disease
brain mass shrinks
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Which of the following is most true?
There is some evidence that language content disintegrates more than does language structure in patients with Alzheimer's disease
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Which of the following stets of memory are most affected in the early/middle stages of Alzheimers?
Episodic and working
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Which of the following is most characteristic of dementias associated with Parkinson's disease?
Word finding is less impaired that in Alzheimer's disease
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Which of the following about Pick's disease is most true?
Deterioration of language form is more likely than deterioration of content
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Declarative memory consists of which of the following sets of skills?
Semantic, episodic, lexical
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Huntington's chorea is associated with
Jerky, involuntary movements of the limbs and facial muscles
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Dementias associated with Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases are typically cortical dementias
F
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Abnormal protein deposition in the neurons of brain cells has been identified as a causative factor in the disease mechanism for Alzheimer's disease
T
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The Mini-Mental State Exam can be used to screen for dementia and to stage it based ont the severity of the symptoms
T
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Fluent, well-articulated phonologically correct utterances that make little or no sense to the listener defines
Jargon
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Which of the following statements is most true?
MRI scans are superior to CT scans for the early detection of neurophysiological changes and are typically more sensitive to subtle neuropathologies
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The theory of restiution of function states that
Spontaenous recovery is limited by time, usually not extending beyond 6 months, recovery is a physiological process
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Reading comprehension would be least affected in _________ aphasia
Conduction
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Examples of therapy designed to address underlying processes by teaching the right hemisphere to assume some of the responsibility previously held by the left hemisphere are
Melodic intonation therapy and visual action therapy
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A 69 year old stroke victim exhibits fluent but empty speech, circumlocutions, good artic, poor reading and auditory comprehension, very poor naming skills, verbal paraphasia, and good repetition skills. What type of aphasia does he have?
Transcortical sensory
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Transcortical aphasias resemble other types of aphasias except that in transcortical syndromes
Repetition is remarkably intact
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The primary features used to differentially diagnose aphasia are
Naming, conversational speech, auditory comprehension, and repetition skills
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The fluent aphasias are the result of lesions
posterior around the auditory association area of the left temporal and/or right parietal lobe
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Errors tend to occur closer to the end of a word in the fluent aphasias, but toward the beginning of the word in the nonfluent aphasias
T
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hypertension
high blood pressure
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arterioslerosis
hardening of the arteries
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agnosia
inability to perceive
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