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The extinction of one's sense of separation existence before achieving union with Allah
Al- fana
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The military and political leaders of the Muslim community who succeeded Muhammad after his death
caliphs
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Specific religious and ethical requirements for Muslims: The confession of faith, prayer or worship, fasting, wealth sharing, and the pilgrimage to Mecca
Five Pillars
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The journey to Mecca that all Muslims are to make at least once iin their lifetime, if they can afford it and are physically able.
Hajj
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The emigration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Yathrib in A.D. 622; the founding event of the Muslim community
Hijra
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The leader of the Friday worship service who directs the prayers and delivers a sermon
imam
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An early successor to Muhammad and leader of Islam, believed to have special spiritual insight
Imam
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Sometimes counted as the sixth pillar of Islam, the general spiritual struggle to be a devout Muslim. Im a more narrow context, it refers to armed struggle for the sake of Islam
jihad
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The stone cubical structure in the courtyard of the Great Mosque of Mecca, believed to be built by Abraham and regarded by Muslims as the sacred center of the earth
Ka'ba
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The Muslim place or building of worship, traditionally including a prayer hall and courtyard, with towers called minarets at the corners
mosque
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Islam's primary sacred text, regarded by Muslims as the direct words of Allah, revealed to Muhammad through the archangel Gabriel.
Qur'an
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The ninth month of the Islamic lunar calender, a period during which Muslims fast
Ramadan
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The confession of faith, creedal statement of Islam: "There is no god except God. Muhammad is the messenger of God."
Shahada
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The devine law, encompassing all and setting forth in detail how Muslims are to live
Shari'a
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A teacher and master in Islam
shaykh
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The division of Islam dominant in Iraq and Iran, originating as a result of an early dispute over leadership
Shi'i
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The form of Islam characterized by a mystical approach to Allah, who is experienced inwardly
Sufi
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The teachings and actions of Muhammad recorded in writings known as hadith, which provided the model for being Muslim. second most authority
Sunna
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the division of Islam practiced by most Muslims
Sunni
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The community of all Muslims
Umma
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