resp. pharmacology

• 78% Nitrogen
• 21% Oxygen
• 1% CO2 and inert gases

Impaired mental and functional abilities and impaired muscular coordination and impaired emotional stability

Impaired judgement and decreased pain perception

Unconscious/death

reduces the severity of the histamine release, but does not suppress the release--provides symptomatic relief

• 1st--sedating-- Benadryl, Chlor Trimeton
• 2nd--non sedating-- Zyrtec, Allegra, Claritin

drowsiness and sedation, dry mouth, disturbed coordination

• Shouldn't drive til after a few doses
• When in an emergency, not 1st choice
• small amts in breast milk
• kids can take but there's more problems

• po and sprays
• Nasal congestion is a result of the dialation of the nasal blood vessels due to infection, inflammation, or allergy which moves interstitial fluid to the nose causing swelling of the nasal passages

Allerest, Afrin, NeoSynephrin, Sinex, Actifed, Sudafed

• topical side effects lower than po form
• can cause jitters, nervousness, restlessness
• no more than 5 days
• **caffine products increase jitters, restlessness, etc.
• **rebound pneumonia-nasal congestion- when you have too much of the drug, swelling stays and BP goes high (stroke)

Effective in treating allergic rhinitis; topical anti-inflammatory agents; systemic effects are rare

Beconase, Vancenase, Vanceril, Rhinocort, Decadron, Nasalide, Flonase, Nasacort

Designed for short term use

Act on the cough control center in the medulla to suppress the cough

nausea, drowsiness, dizziness

• narcotic-- Codeine (II), Hycodan (III)
• non narcotic-- Dextromethorphan (DM), Benylin, Romilar, Tessalon

• increase fluid for cough meds
• avoid drinking for 10-15 min after taking
• avoid during 1st trimester

modify and loosen bronchial secretions; decrease thickness

guaifenesin (robutussin)(sp??)

Protective, relieve irritation, soothing; usually in the form of gargles, lozenges, syrups

Sucrets

yay!

Stimulate the adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to relax causing bronchodilation

• Alpha stimulation--vasoconstriction
• Beta 1 stimulation--cardiac stimulation (tremors, nervousness, heart palpitations, increased HR, HTN, angina)
• Beta 2 stimulation--some cardiac stimulation, primarily bronchodilation

• First gen-- Isuprel (beta 1 and 2)
• second gen-- Alupent (some beta 1, and beta 2)
• Later drugs-- Proventil, Ventolin (beta 2)

• severe bronchospasm/Anaphylaxis: Epinephrine (Adrenalin)--has alpha, beta 1, and beta 2 effects
• chronic asthma of COPD--beta 2 by aeroson or tablet

inhibits cholinergic receptors; used for prophylaxis, used to dilate bronchioles--effects not immediate

• atrovent (aeroson/MDI)
• combivent= Atrovent + Proventil
• (prophylaxis) (treats)

give sympathomimetic med 5 min before Anticholinergic med. Use the anticholinergic 5 min before an inhaled Glucocorticoid.