Kin Final

occures when two forces act in an equal but opposite direction

• FAR
• axis between the force and resistance
• designed for balance
• head sitting on C1

• ARF
• Axis is opposite force resistance in middle
• designed for power

• AFR
• Most common in body
• Disigned for ROM

an increase in the length of the FA or decrease in the RA reults in greater mechanical advantages

• Sacroiliac joint
• synovial nonaxial plane joint
• no voluntary motion

• Sacral flexion
• base of scarum moves anteriorly and inferiorly
• occurs with trunk flexion or hip extension

• Sacral extension
• Base of sacrum moves posteriorly and superiorly
• occures with trunk extension and hip flexion

• articulation between the sacrum and lumbar spine
• superior

• formed by drawing one line parallel to the ground and another line along the base of the sacrum
• optimal angle is 30

• Y ligament ligament of bigelow
• reinforces capsule anteriorly
• limits hyperextension

Limits hyperextension and abduction

Limits hyperextension and interanl rotation

• medial femoral condyle is longer than the lateral condyle
• closed chain - femur medial rotation
• open chain - tibia lateral rotation

• talus and calcaneus
• contacts the ground first in gait influences rest of foot

• navicular, cuboid, and 3 cuniforms
• provides stabilitya and mobility

• metatarsals and phalanges
• adapts to level ground

• Talocrural
• made up of the tibia nad talus
• uniaxial hinge joint

• talus and calcaneus
• gliding motion

anterior talus and calcaneus, posterior navicular and cuboid

• attches to calcanues to navicular
• supports the medial side of arch

• calcaneus to bases of metatarsals 3-5
• supports the lateral longitudinal arch

• Calcaneus to cuboid
• support lateral foot

• calcanues to proximal phalanges
• supports lateral foot