-
The color of blood depends on?
The amount of Oxygen
-
Normal life span of RBC's?
3 to 4 months
-
Which portion of blood contains 92% water?
Plasma
-
This term describes the protein-pigment after it has left the spleen during old RBC breakdown?
Bilirubin
-
Which blood cell carries Oxygen?
Erythrocytes
-
What is the normal range of hemeglobin?
- 12 - 16 grams
- 11 is borderline
- 10 and below is anemic
-
Leukocytes are which types and what is it normal range?
WBC 5,000 to 10,000
-
Which plasma protein is the volume expander?
Albumin
-
All of the cells which performs phagocytosis are:
Leukocytes
-
The process in which WBC's move through the area of infection?
Diapedesis
-
This multiplies rapidly when the body invaded by bacteria?
WBC's (leukocytes)
-
Describe the volume % of RBC in whole blood?
Hematocrit
-
The process that WBC's engulf bacteria.
Phagocytosis
-
Which of the following initiates the clotting process?
Tissue Injury
-
Which plasma protein assists in antibodies & help in immunity?
Gobulins
-
Describe the normal clotting sequence:
- Tissue injury - Thromboplastin - Prothrombin - Thrombin - Fibrinogen -
- Fibrin
-
This element is necessary for the formation of HBG?
Iron (Fe)
-
Bile is necessary in what?
The digestion of fat
-
This plays a major role in RBC destruction?
Spleen
-
Term for the platelet plug during an injury?
Thrombocyte
-
Plays a major role in clotting mechinism?
Calcium
-
Which substances are found in plasma?
proteins and glucose
-
Development of RBC's not surprise to see A FEW in circulating blood?
Reticulocyte
-
Protein-pigment attached to RBC's and carries oxygen?
Hemoglobin (HGB)
-
These blood cells are found to be formed in red bone marrow?
- Erythrocyte
- Leukocytes
- Thrombocytes
-
Which type of formation does the RBC's travel in?
Rouleaux (stacked like coins)
-
What is the normal range for RBC's?
3.5 to 5.5 million
-
What are the 2 types of WBC's?
Granulocytes & Agranulocytes
-
What are the 3 Granulocytes
- Neutrophils - 1st to seen of infection
- Eosinophils - fight allergic reactions or antigens
- Basophils- release Heparin which is an anti-coagolant
-
What ar the 2 Agranulocytes?
- Lymphocytes - help form protein antibodies
- Monocytes - acts like neutrophils first to the seen
-
What is the normal range for Platelets?
150 to 400,000
-
What are the functions of Platelets?
- Adhere to each other & injured tissue - forming the platelet plug.
- Release a protein called Thromboplastin
-
What is the medical term for clumping?
Agglutination
-
-
What is Anemia?
Lack of blood and/or it's components.
-
Define primary anemia?
- Lack of production or over-destruction of whole blood.
- Ex. Neoplastic
-
Define secondary anemia?
Hemorrhage
-
Give an example of secondary anemia.
Ulcer
-
Define Hypochromic Anemia
- AKA- Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Symptoms: pallor and dizziness
- Treatment: Feosol and Imferon
-
List some foods which are high in iron.
Liver, spinach, raisins, beets
-
Define Pernicious Anemia
- AKA-Megaloblastic anemia, decreased B12, inability to carry Oxygen.
- Treatment: B12 injections
-
Define Aplastic Anemia (Pancytopenia)
- Without formation of Bone marrow
- Cause: Radiation, idiopathic
- Symptoms: pallor, pyrexia, purpura
- Treatment: Transfusions, bone marrow transplant
-
Give examples of a Hemolytic Anemia
- Erythroblastosis Fetalis
- Sickle Cell Anemia
- Thalassemia (Cooley's Anemia, Thalassemia Vera)
-
Define Erythroblastosis
- Rh incompability (Rh- mom, Rh+ fetus)
- Symptoms: Jaundice
- Treatment: RhoGam
-
Define Sickle Cell Anemia
- Defective Hgb molecule, cells sickle
- Cause: hereditary
- Sypmtoms: crisis, sporadic, tissue infarction due to clumping
-
Define Thalassemia: Who acquires it?
- AKA-(Cooley's Anemia)
- Defective Hgb and RBC's
- Seen in Greeks and Italians
- Symptoms: bone deformities and seldom live to adults (usually die at age 14 or 15
-
Define Thrombocytopenia
- Deficiency of platelets
- Symptoms: Petechiae and eechymosis
- Treatment: transfusions and splenectomy
-
Define Purpura
Hemorrhages into the skin
-
Define Petechiae
Pinpoint red spots/extravasations under the skin
-
Define Eechymosis
Bleeding into tissue, bruise
-
Define Hemophilia
- Deficiency of clotting factors.
- Two types A & B
-
Which clotting factors are Hemophiliacs missing?
- Hemophilia A (Classic) - VIII (8)
- Hemophilia B (Christmas DX) - IX (9)
-
Who carries Hemophilia and who acquires it?
- The mothers carries it and the son acquires it.
- Type A 80% of hemophilia cases
-
Which bleeding disorder is the one. Which females can also get?
- Vonwillebrand's Disease - deficiency of factor VIII and platelets
- Occurs in both male and female
- Symptom: increased uterine bleeding
-
Define Hemochromatosis
- Iron overload in liver, leading to cirrhosis (rare disorder)
- Sypmtoms: Bronze pigmentation
-
Define Leukemia
- Form of Cancer
- Disorder of blood forming organs (spleen, marrow, lymph)
-
Acute Leukemia
- Widespread, non-functioning WBC's spill into blood, & other tissues
- 20,000 WBC's or more than the normal range
- ALL: Acute lymphocytic leukemia (lymph)
- AML: Acute myeloblasic leukemia (immature bone marrow)
-
Chronic Leukemia
- Gradual onset
- Seen in 50 to 70 year old
- Prognosis is better that acute
|
|
