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Integrated Pest Managment Chemical
- Converrtial pesticides will remain in use,but they must be screend carefully to aviod harmful ones.
- amounts & at a time when they are most effective to minimize their envio. impact
- requires monitoring crops and infedtations.
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Advantages and Disadvantages of pesticided use
- ADVANTAGES: 1. portect crops 2.save billions of $
- DISADVANTAGES:1.cause illness/death 2.crop demage 3. water pollution in rural communitites 4. cleanup costly.
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Integratedo Pest Managment cutural control
- Controlled by many techniques that dont require chem.
- includes: weeds, noise makers to frigten birds and manual removal of insects from crops.
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Mechanism of Earth crustal plate movement
- 1.modern theory: Alantic ocean is getting bigger bc tectonic movement.
- 2.subcontinental:ocean layer
- 3.continental drift: movement
- 4. Sea floor: ocean crust movement
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Integrated pest managment environment
- Pest control gaining pop.
- reduce or eliminate pesticide use
- 1.Enviromental control:Alter biotic/abiotic conditions in crops making them inhospitable to pest.
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Integrated Genetic control
- 1.Sterile male technique: intro o sterile males of pest into the enviro. w/ certain chem.
- Prevents union of fertilization
- 2.plants are resistant to pest and diesase can b developed through genetic engineering and artificial selestion.
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Photochemical smog
- Brownish orange shroud of air pollution
- Complex mixture of photochemical oxidants and nitrogen oxides
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Secondary pollutants
Chemical pollutnat from natural or anthro pogenic source that undergoes chemical change as a result of reacting w/ another pollutant, sunlight atomosphere moisture or other enviormental agents.
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Primary Pollutants
- Air pollution from natural and anthropogenic sources
- Primary pollutants often react w/one another or w/ water vapor.
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Anthropogenic pollution and biogenic
- 1.Pullutants from human sources
- create long-term threat bioshere.
- ex: autos, power plants
- 2.Biogenic: produce by living organisms or biological process
- Ex: Volcanos, dust strom, forest fires
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Brown- air cites
- located in warm, dry, and sunny climates and are generally new cities w/few polluting industries.
- Source pollution comes from automobiles and electrice power
- Major pollutantion> carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons,& nitro oxides.
- EX: LA, Denver
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Hydrocarbons
- Organic molecules containing hydrogen and carbon released during incomplete combustion of organic fuels.
- React with nitrogen and sunlight.
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Gray-air cities
- located in cold, moist climates
- Major pollutants are surfur oxides and particulates from factories
- pollutants combine with atmospheric moisture to from grayish haze called smog.
- EX:NY,Wndon
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immediate effects
Air pollutant cause shortness of breath to eye irritation to death to headaches
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Chronic effects
- Persistent inflammation of bronchial tubes which carry air into lungs.
- Includes coughing, mucus buildup,difficult breathing
- EX: Emphysema> lung disease
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Tradable permits
- Permit issued by gov't that allows companies to relase certain amount of pollution.
- Companies reduce pollutions by selling permits to other companies.
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End-of-pipe
- 1. remove harmful substance from emission gases.
- 2. convert them into harmless substance.
- Its a sustainable strategy and its acts like a 1st aid.
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Pollutants Arise
- Air pollutants arise from vaporization or evaporation attrition (friction)& combustion with is the major producer.
- Fossil fuels consist primarily of carbon&hydrogen atoms linked by chem. bonds.
- heat released brakes other bonds permitting combustion.
- incomplete combustion produce carbon dioxide, monxide and unburned, hydrocarb.
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