Oral & Nasal Cavities

The mouth between the cheeks and lips

Composed of the hard and soft palates

Failure of fusion of the lateral palatine processes, the nasal septum, and/or the median palatine process.

Failure of fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal processes leading to persistent labial groove.

The floor of the mouth is formed mainly by these muscles:

Salivary (parotid, submandibular, and sublingual) glands' parasympathetic innervation.

Inflammation of the parotid gland caused by myxovirus.

Begins with 40^o C fever, cough, conjunctivitis, excessive mucous production (coryza), and Koplik's spots within 2-3 days. Extremely contagious with 7-14 incubation period.

Complications of Measles

Lesions around the lips and in mouth. Virus is dormant in sensory ganglia and reactived by stress, sunlight, etc.

Fine, lacy white lines on mucosa (Wickham's stria).

Localized ulceration in the mouth, grayish lesion on a red base. Painful, stress induced.

Autosomal dominant disease. Polyps of GI tract (jejunum) and melanocytic pigmentation of the lips and oral mucosa.

Adrenocortical insufficiency, excess ACTH.

Hardest substance in human body.

The nucleus of the tooth.

Amount of deciduous (milk) teeth

Amount of permanent teeth.

Deformed teeth (Hutchinson's teeth) caused by mental retardation, Hydrocephalus, deafness, blindness, etc.

If this substance is given to a child, it leads to yellow discoloration of the tooth and enamal hypoplasia and reduced growth of long bones.

Is part of both respiratory and digestive tract.

Consists of pharyngeal tonsil, palatine tonsils, lingual tonsils, tubal tonsils and forms a ring around the pharynx to protect the respiratory and the GI tract from foreign organisms.

These papillae are scattered pver the dorsum and around the apex of the tongue, reddish, have taste buds but no gastatory gland.

These papillae are smallest, mainly covering the dorsum of the tongue parallel to the terminal sulcus, sensitive to touch. Usually no taste buds.

These papillae are at the sides of the tongue

Flavors of tongue.

These papillae are largest, lying in a row beginning just anterior to the terminal sulci and the foramen cecum. Where most of the taste buds reside.

Innervation of intrinsic muscles of the tongue.

Innervation of taste in the tongue.

These veins of the tongue are very important for drug administration such as nitroglycerin.

Seen in hypothyroidism

This sinus drains into the middle meatus via frontonasal duct.

These cells drain into the superior meatus.

These cells drain into the middle meatus.

These cells drain on or above the ethmoidal bulla in the middle meatus.

Drains into the sphenoethmoidal recess.

Drains into the semilunar hiatus of the middle meatus.