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cross hatching
laying two or more layers of hatching traveling in different directions over one another
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horizon line
a line drawn across a page from side to side representing the eye level of the observer. in general, any drawn objects whose sides face away from the observer will recede toward this line
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line
a mark whose length is considerably greater than its width. in drawing, lines can stand alone as abstract elements in their own right. lines can serve as an outline around a shape representing the boundary between one entity and another, as contour lines, to describe form and they can be compounded to build up an area of tone through shading. line is in many ways the essence of drawing.
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naturalism
meaning, like nature, in relation to drawing it is creating imagery which reminds us vividly of the real world as it is, as it was, or as it might be. naturalistic art is art that sets out to depicts the material world as objectively as possible. naturalism should be distinguished from idealization and realism
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negative
descriptive of areas that appear to unoccupied or empty
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observational drawing
the practice of drawing from the direct visual observation of reality
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perception
developed during the renaissance, a technique utilizing any number of vanishing points to account for the illusion of distortion in proportion and foreshortening that characterizes objects receding in space when viewed by the human eye. the deeper the space, the greater the illusion.
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picture plane
a flat, 2d, surface on to which the 3d world is projected or through which it is viewed, the plane of a painting, drawing, or the like, that is in the extreme foreground of a picture, is the point of visual contact between the viewer and the picture, and is conceived as a major structural element in the production of abstract or illusionistic forms.
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plane
a 2d surface along which a straight line can be placed in any direction whithout any of it losing contact with the face, a flat surface. two or more planes attached at angles to each other along a common vertex, edge, become 3d forms, folded cardboard is an example
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positive
descriptive of an area that appears to be filled or occupied
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proportion
a comparative size relation between elements of a single object or between several objects. the way we show objects in relation to one another, size, shape, etc
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realism
the tradition of art in which the artist not only confines their attention to the concrete, existing world which surrounds them, but deliberately selects subject matter from that world which represents a criticism of or comment upon social, moral or political values. realism is often popularly applied to works of art to mean something similar to naturalism, but when used in the context of art literature is usually intended to mean something quite different
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reserve
areas of a drawing purposely left unshaded
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