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What does epinephrine do?
Vasopressor-constricts vessels to increase HR and increase BP
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What is ADH?
Antidieretic horomone; affects vascular volume. Alcohol shuts off ADH so you need to go the bathroom.
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What is the normal value range for K, Potassium?
3.5-5
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What is the normal value range for sodium, Na?
135-145
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What is the normal value range for Calcium, Ca?
8.5-11
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What is the normal value range for pH?
7.35-7.45
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What is the normal value range for PaCO2?
35-45
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What is the normal value range for PaO2?
80-100
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What is the normal range for bicarbonate?
22-26
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What is a normal pulse range?
60-100
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What affect will hemorrhage have on the pulse? Respiratory rate?
Increase pulse/HR, Increase RR
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What affect will hemorrhage have on the BP? Temp?
BP will drop; Temp will rise.
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What do Crackles/Rales lung sounds mean?
Fluid in the lungs.
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What do Wheezing lung sounds mean?
Narrowing airway; inspiratory or expiratory is important; You can't get the air out.
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What do Rhonchi lung sounds mean?
Loose wet shit in the lungs; clears with a cough
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What do Stridor lung sounds means?
Closed upper airway, no air is getting in...common with firefighters who have CO2 inhalation; diminished lung sounds. You hear on inspiration.
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What type of debridement is done by a nurse?
Mechanical debridement; change dressing.
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What happens to your vitals in volume deficit/dehydration?
HR increases; BP stays normal then it drops, RR increases, SaO2 decreases, Temp increases. Less than 30ml output, skin tenting, eyeballs popping, neck veins are flat.
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What happens to your vitals in volume overload/excess?
HR increases, BP increases, RR increases, SaO2 is normal then it drops, Temp increases; bounding pulse; urine output less than 30ml, edema, crackles
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Where are cyanosis and pallor most obvious?
mucous membranes
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What is Ecchymoses?
superficial bleeding under the skin or mucous membrane; a bruise.
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What sounds would indicate Stridor?
A harsh or crowing sound with inspiration indicates stridor, which is consistent with airway narrowing and edema, following an endotrach tube removal.
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What is a normal Glucose value range?
60-110
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What is a normal Chloride value range?
98-107
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What is a normal HCT value range?
- Males: 40-50
- Females: 38-47
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What is a normal HGB value range?
- Males: 13.5-18
- Females: 12-16
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What is a normal RBC value range?
- Males: 4.5-6.2
- Females: 4.0-5.5
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What is a normal WBC range?
5,000-10,000
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What does a prealbumin test identify?
Changes in nuritional protein status.
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What is a normal Magnesium value range?
1.5-2.3; Cardiac power; ATP metabolism
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What is a hypotonic IV solution?
Goes into cells; D5 1/2
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What is a hypertonic IV solution?
Leaving the cells---cell shrinks and fluid leaves cells. Dextrose 10-20-30%
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What is an isotonic IV solution?
Solute concentrate = Blood concentrate; Normal Saline
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What are the 5 stages of Bone Healing?
- Hematoma (24 hours)
- Cellular Proliferation (48 Hours)
- Procallus Formation (6-10 Days)
- Callus Ossification (3-10 Weeks)
- Consolidation and Remodelling (10 weeks - 6 months)
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What percent of O2 does a Partial Nonrebreather mask deliver? How many Liters used?
60-90%; 6-10L
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What % of O2 does a face mark deliver? How many liters are used?
40-60%; 5-8L
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What percent of O2 is delivered with a nonrebreather mask? How many liters are used?
80-100%; 10-15L
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What type of O2 delivery method can deliver a specified amount of O2, rather than a range?
Venturi Mask.
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What is pneumothorax?
Lung Collapse
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What is Surfactant?
Lipoprotein produced by alveolar cells; reduces tension of alveolar fluid; diminishes with age.
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What happens when there is too much fluid in the pleural layers?
It prevents the lungs from expanding.
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What is Pleura?
outer surface of the lungs
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What is Bronchioles Alveoli?
Where gas exchange occurs.
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What is Kussmaul's Breathing?
Common in diabetics; body attempts to compensate by blowing of CO2 through deep and rapid breathing; resembles being drunk.
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What is the primary role of cillia?
Keep dust and particles out to protect the body.
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What is the primary role of the epiglottis?
Routes food to esophagus when swallowing by closing and stays open for breathing.
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What percent of O2 do you get each time you breathe in?
21%
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What side does pneumonia usually hit first?
Right side before left
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What is the best diagnostic method for Pneumonia?
Chest X-Ray; symptoms: Yellow Sputum, fever, chills, confusion.
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What does egophony mean?
Dullness to percussion (lung sounds)
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What is the care plan for Pneumonia?
2-3 L of water (unless contraindicated: CHF); high fowlers, medications, Suctioning.
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