drugs nursing medsurg

Medication ending with ALOL or LOL

"Beta laughs alot"

Mechanism of action: Selective beta 1-adrenergic blockers but occasional blocks beta 2.

• Block sympathetic nervous systems to heart and lungs
• *You got one heart (beta 1) and two lungs (beta 2)
• **B1 hr^, Bp^
• **B2 bronchodialate

• Commonside effects: bradycardia, hypotension, and congestive heart
• failure(if HR too low), and brochospasm.

• Assessment prior to giving medication
• *BP must be >100 or per MD
• *HR must be >60 or per MD

Assess breath sound for wheezing

ending with pril

"Ace tennis is played in April"

• Mechanism of action: angiotension
• converting enzyme inhibitors.
• *Normal: liver produces angiotensin I (mild vasoconstrictor) with the present of renin angiotensin it converts to angiotensin II (potent vasoconstrictor) to
• increase blood pressure. This medication blocks the above effects.
• **=vasodilate + lowers water
• **=Drop in BP

S/E: chronic cough, angioedema,(do not know why) and hypotension.

• Not drug of choice for black patient (not
• effective)

• Assessment: monitor BP and assess for s/s of chronic cough or angioedema (can
• happen at any time), hypotension

• A=angioedema (swelling throat/tongue)
• C=cough
• E=edema

ending with “SARTAN”

MOA: blocks angiotensin II, which is a vaso-constrictor.

• Side effects: hypotension, dizziness, and
• syncope.

very effective for black people.

"black angio is blocked from a spartan lifestyle"

<side effecst than ACE inhibitors, no cough

Calcium channel blockers are very nice grapfruit drugs

• Medications ending in pine and the following:
• *Verapamil
• *Nifedipine
• *Diltiazem/cardizem

MOA: blocks calcium from going into cardiac smooth muscle causing slowed hr and vaso-dilation.

• Calcium aide with muscle contraction.
• *Less calcium =less contraction
• *For every contraction = heart beat

Side Effects: Bradycardia, hypotension, and heart failure

• avoid when taking
• *Grapefruit (enhanced drug absorption)

• reverse the affects of Calcium channel blockers OD?
• *Calcium Chloride/Calcium gluconate

ending with statin except nystatin.

MOA: inhibiting fat absorption and inhibit cholesterol production in the liver.

avoid grapefruit

if not enough, Break down muscle which causes rhabomylosis.

• If your body does not absorbed
• fat from food consumed, would see fatty stool or floaters.

• Side effects: Flatulence, abdominal
• discomfort, stetorrhea, muscle weakness (rhabdomyolosis).
• **complications from Rhabdomyolosis?
• ***ARF due to excess waste and caused nephrons irritation and nephrons death.
• ****cell break down debris clog nephrons = renal failure w. muscle weakness & aching
• ****treatments =Fluid and lasix

Cholesterol converted at night. Best time to give.

No grapefruit w. drug.

• Antibiotics ending in myocin
• *Gentamyocin, vacomyocin, or amikacin

aminos are the fungus amongst us nephrotoxic myocins

MOA: inhibit aminoglycoside (cell membrane) and inhibit DNA of the organism.

Side effect: secondary infections, nephrotoxic, and ototoxic

Dose is weight based to avoid side affects.

Prior: assess BUN/CR

Give over 90m

• "fungus amongst us"
• *yeast infection/diarria/oral candidias/clustridrium difficule.

• Any medication ending in Vir is
• an anti-viral.

MOA- inhibit cell wall synthesis and caused cell death.

Side effects: secondary infection, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

• Why these type of side effects and what can
• you do to prevent the severity.

MONA-BA

Treatments in order:

O-oxygen...do not need order

• A-Asprin-anticoagulant.
• *It works by preventing platelet aggregation.
• *Common S/E: bleeding (GI etc),
• bruising, and tinnitus

• N-nitroglycerin- nitrate
• *Acts by systemic vasodilatation
• and improve coronary perfusion
• *Use to decrease workload
• (decrease preload and after load)
• *SE: hypotension, headache (why?),
• and dizziness.
• *NG if BP<100

• Morphine: opiate agonist
• *Acts by blocking opiate receptors
• in the brain to alter pain perception and it also has vasodilatation property.
• *S/E- hypotension, (CNS depressant) lethargy, respiratory depression, and constipation

• Beta-blocker-beta adrenergic
• block.
• *Use to decrease workload by
• decreasing the BP and heart rate.
• *This medication also improve
• survival of patient with angina

• ACE-inhibitors will be added
• later to prevent cardiac tissue re-engineering (scar formation and prevent CHF)

• Medication ending in nitrate
• Example:isosorbide dinitrate

Classification: systemic vasodilator

• MOA- dilate coronary artery and blood
• vessels.

Decreases preload and afterload

Side effects: headache (why), hypotension, dizziness, syncope, reflex tachicardia

Application: Sublingal/paste (nitro paper, date/time/need gloves)

• Lovenox: low molecular heparin.
• *MOA: inhibits the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin and fibrinogen to fibrin.
• *S/E: bleeding & bruising
• *monitor ptt (10-13s) or aptt (25-39s)
• *2 to 3x/day
• *more stable.

• Heparin
• *MOA: inhibits the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin and fibrinogen to fibrin
• *Diagnostic test: PTT (partial prothrombin time)
• *Antidote: protamine sulfate (hi allergy potential) or hold heparin for 6 hours (half life of heparin)
• S/E: HIT (heprin induced throbocytopenia)
• if subQ: no blood monitoring due to 1/2 lift, stomach 2" away from bb.

• Coumadin/warfarin :
• *MOA: inhibit vitamin K in the
• clotting cascade.
• *S/E: bleeding. brain bleed common
• *Diagnostic test: Protime (PT) and INR
• *Antidote: Vitamin K (24 hr to work) and/or FFP

• Any medication ending with (ONE)
• *Example predisone or methylpredisolone

Cortico is the one sex sugar salt steroid

• MOA-cortico-steroid. It acts by inhibiting immune response and
• also anti-inflammatory. Inhibits neutrophil prduction.

S/E- cushing’s syndrome (fluid retention, wt. gain, moon face, and striae). . Facial hair

• sex: androgen testostorone (aggresiveness, facial hair)
• sugar: cortisol (diabetes, fat deposit/buffulo hump)
• salt:Aldosterone (edema,hypertension, HF)

Insulin-aide in the transport of glucose into the cell.

• Why are there so many types of insulin?
• *Peak and half life is different

• Goals: maintain stable blood
• glucose and avoid peaks and valleys.

MOA: insulin binds to glucose and potassium (K) to form a perfect key in order to transport glucose into the cell.

• What type of side of effect would you most likely observe?
• *Hypoglycemic (stimulate
• SNS-tachycardia, irritability, confusion, agitation, and diaphoresis)
• *Hypokalemia (arrhythmias)

• What would you assess prior to giving insulin?
• *Blood glucose and mental status
• *If on large amount of insulin-
• potassium level.