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Hematemesis (def)
blood in vomitus (emesis) making is brown and lumpy
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hematochezia (def)
bright red or burgundy blood in stool usually from lower GI bleed
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Melena (def)
dark and tarry blood in stool usually from upper GI bleed
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Occult blood or bleeding (def)
non-visible GI bleeding
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diverticula (def)
an outpouching of the esophagus
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achalasia (def)
a narrow spot where the esophagus goes through the diaphragm
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volvulus (def)
twisted stomach of intestine
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intussusception (def)
inversion of one part of the gut into another
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adhesions (def)
bands of connective tissue in the wrong spot
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Barrett Esophagus (def)
disorder where damage causes squamous cells to be replaced by columnar cells, is also a RF for esophageal cancer
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Hiatal hernia (def)
defect in diaphragm that allows a part of the stomach to herniate up through
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Acute gastritis (def)
gastric mucosal barrier is eroded by prostaglandin inhibitors (asprin, NSAIDs), alcohol, histamines, and metabolic disorders (uremia)
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severe mucosal degeneration of stomach by H. pylori causing loss of chief and parietal cells (def of)
Type A (fundal) Chronic Gastritis
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"Fundal" Chronic Gastritis (def)
most severe, mucosa degenerated by H. pylori, loss of chief and parietal cells
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Peptic ulcer disease (def)
disruption of protective mucosal lining in lower esophagus, stomach, or duodenum
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gastric ulcers (def)
ulcers in astral region, near acid-secreting mucosa of body of stomach
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altered gastric emptying resulting in a suden deposit in small intestine (def of)
dumping syndrome
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ulcerative colitis (def)
inflammation of rectum and colon
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crohn disease (def)
inflammation that can affect the entire small and large intestine and involves all layers of the wall
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pseudomembranous enterocolitis (def)
acute inflammation and necrosis of small and large intestine caused by C. difficult
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diverticula/diverticulum (def)
saccular outpouching of mucosa through the circular muscle of the intestinal wall
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diverticulosis (def)
non-inflamed diverticula
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diverticulitis (def)
inflammation of the diverticula
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posthepatic jaundice (def)
yellow because of a mechanical obstruction of bile ducts
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melena (def)
dark, sticky feces containing partially digested blood; characteristic of gastroesophageal varices
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asterixis (def)
also called "liver flap"; a tremor of the upper limbs and hands
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hepatorenal syndrome (def)
acute renal failure associated with liver function due to ischemia or low fluid volume
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inflammation of liver parenchyma due to viral infection (def of)
viral hepatitis
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prodromal phase of hepatitis (def)
begins 2 weeks after exposure and ends when jaundice appears
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icteric phase (def)
1-2 weeks after prodromal and lasts 2-6 weeks
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cirrhosis (def)
irreversible inflammation of liver than disrupts structure and function
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Leannec's cirrhosis (def)
alcoholic liver disease
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primary biliary cirrhosis (def)
autoimmune destruction of small intrahepatic bile ducts (M's are progressive, nonspecific, and end with encephalopathy)
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cholelithiasis (def)
gallstones in the gallbladder
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cholecystitis (def)
inflammation of the gallbladder
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celiac disease (def)
intolerance to gluten
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necrotizing enterocalitis (def)
ischemic, inflammation of bowel causing necrosis of small and large intestine in premature infants
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physiologic jaundice of the newborn (def)
transient, benign icterus during first week of life in an otherwise health baby causing mild unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
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Kernicterus (def)
brain injury resulting from hyperbilirubinemia in infants
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