APUSH Ch. 27-28

• -governor of New York
• -gained fame by investigating the malpractices of gas and insurance companies

-led California; took to regulate railroads and trusts

• -Progressive from Wisconsin
• -embodiment of Progressive movement

-1913, provided direct election of Senators

linkie

-Initiative: voters could directly propose legislation

-Referendum: People could vote on laws that affected them

-Recall: People can remove bad officials, particularly bribed ones, from office

-Also desired for the “Australian ballot”, (secret ballot) that could counteract effects of party bosses

• -was chief chemist of Department of Agriculture
• -was part of “Poison Squad”
• -exposed frauds that sold potent patent medicines by experimenting on himself

• -1902
• -strike broke out in anthracite coalmines of Pennsylvania
• -140,000 workers demanded 20% pay increase and reduction of workday to 9 hours
• -Owners refused to negotiate and city began running out of coal
• -TR threatened to seize mines and operate them with federal troops
• -workers got 10% pay increase and 9-hour workday

• -conservation
• -control by big businesses
• -consummation

• -TR’s pride as navy
• -sent around the world to impress people
• -does not impress people meant to impress (Britain, Germany, Japan(
• -not as modern
• -Congress doesn’t like it, but has to fund it anyway

• -Japan stop issuing visas to America
• -Japan: happy secretly, publicly outraged

• -1919
• -prohibited sale and drinking of alcohol

-Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

-invalidated NY law establishing a ten-hour day for bakers

• -1908
• -Attorney Louis D. Brandeis persuades Supreme Court to accept constitutionality of laws that protected women workers

• -US involved because we’re good friends with both countries -neither country gets what they want; they start disliking us
• -maybe led to Cold War/Pearl Harbor attack?
• -TR got Nobel Peace Prize for this, even though he loved war

• Russia
• -Only part is European, most is Asian
• -still has a feudal system (with a czar)
• -no rifles, sometimes went to battle with a pike

• Japan
• -small in terms of area, but not people -very modern
• -much better weapons
• -sneak attack on Russia – crushing victory

• Men and Yen
• -Japan started running out on resources

• -Wilson:
• -a hall of representatives from every country, talk everything out, never have war again!
• -naïve idea
• -peace through reason

• -TR: strong country representatives, collectively to do stuff like during the Boxer Rebellion, no more war!
• -peace through overwhelming strength

• -cold, intelligent, born and raised in Virginia
• -arrogant, didn’t like talking to anyone below him (which was majority of people), very bright
• -most famous after WWI

• -located in NYC
• -experienced a fire in 1911 which killed 146 workers, mostly young women
• -led to a major movement by Progressives to fight against child labor

• -Propsed by Wilson
• - continued regulation of big business
• -bank reform
• -lowering tariff (intended to bring in Bryan supporters, unify party)

• -led to formation of Boy Scouts of America
• -led to formation of Sierra club
• -naturalist John Muir was a member

• -wrote "Call of the Wild"
• -successful because of concern about the disappearance of the national frontier

• -1891
• -authorized president to set aside land to be protected as national parks
• -some 46 million acres of forest protected as a result

• -1877
• -first conservation act
• -provided little help

• -known reformer
• -Secretary of War, wants to be Supreme Court Justice
• -Ran against William Jennings Bryan, who lost in history fashion

• -TR wants to run again
• -made himself impossible to run again
• -said when elected in 1904 that he would “adhere to the 2-term tradition”
• -Finds Taft to replace him

• -haters gotta hate – haters’ attempt to blame TR for something and show that he’s a bad president
• -they fail
• -they don’t really think TR’s ruining the country; he’s just bad for business
• -over very quickly
• TR: asks JP Morgan for $2 million to fix panic
• -mutual dislike
• -in return, TR allows Morgan to form U.S. Steel (good for navy)

• -wrote “The Jungle”
• -meant to expose plight of workers in meat businesses
• -misrepresent: stuff didn’t all happen at same place, in short time
• -grosses out Americans

• -1906
• -government can inspect factories

• -1906
• -ingredients must be listed

• -1906
• -restricted the free passes of railroads

• -1903
• -fined railroads that gave rebates and the shippers that accepted them

• -formed in 1903-included Bureau of Corporations
• -allowed to probe businesses engaged in interstate commerce in “trust-busting”

• -Taft and House had passed a moderately reductive bill
• -Nelson W. Aldrich, leader of Senate, tacked on lots of upward revisions
• -betrayed Taft's promise
• -incurred wrath of party
• -outraged many people
• -Old Republicans: high tariff
• -Progressive Republicans: low tariff
• -Taft: foolishly called it "best bill Republican party has ever passed"

• 1. the tariff
• 2. conservation of lands

• -brought 90 suits against trusts
• -1911: ordered dissolution of Standard Oil Company
• -tried to break U.S. Steel, which TR had previously approved of

• -urged by Taft for Americans to invest abroad
• -called for Wall Street bankers to sluice their surplus dollars into forgein areas of strategic conern to the U.S., especially Far East and in regions critical to the security of the Panama Canal
• -gave US economic control over these areas

• -ran in 1908 against Taft and Bryan
• -part of Socialist party
• -surprisingly garnered 420,793 votes

• -1913
• -caused by Aldrich-Vreeland Act

• -1908
• -authorized national banks to issue emergency currency backed by various kinds of collateral

• -1913: San Francisco received permission to build dam there
• -valley part of Yosemite National Park
• -caused much controversy
• -John Muir called valley "temple of nature"
• -showed how TR battle two fronts:
• -governmental interests
• -romantic preservation

• -Wilson (Democrat, winner)
• -TR (Progressive Republican "Bull Moose")
• -Taft (Republican)
• -Debs (Socialist)

• -Taft (Republican, winner)
• -Bryan (Democrat)
• -Debs (Socialist)

• -1911
• -La Follette was leader
• -TR elected as nominee after being rejected by Republicans

• -1910
• -split between Old Guard (Taft) and Progressives (TR)
• -as a result, Democrats emerged with landslide in House
• -Socialist Victor L. Berger was even elected from Milwaukee

• -1910
• -involvement hurt Taft
• -Secretary of Interior Richard Ballinger opened public lands in Wyoming, Montana, and Alaska to corporate developemtn
• -criticized by Forestry chief Gifford Pinchot, who was then fired by Taft
• -Old Republicans: favored using lands for business
• -Progressive Republicans: favored conservation of lands

-established by Taft to control mineral resources