-
discovered by John Newland; trend that showed properties of elements seemed to repeat after every eigth element
law of octaves
-
a vertical column of elements in the periodic table; elements in a group share chemical properties
group
-
law that states repeating physical and chemical properties of elements change periodically with their atomic number
periodic law
-
electron that is found in the outermost shell of an atom and that determines the atom's chemical properties
valence electron
-
horizontal row of elements in the periodic table
period
-
elements in groups 1, 2, and 13-18; about half are metals and at room temp & atmospheric pressure, many are solids, while some are liquids or gases
main-group element
-
-
Group 2
Alkaline earth metals
-
-
-
elements in group 1 of the periodic table; lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium; they react with water to make alkaline solutions. They have one valence electron which make them very reactive. They are never found in nature and they are good conductors of electricity
Alkali metals
-
Elements of Group 2 of the periodic table(Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium, and Radium)
-highly reactive
-usually found as compounds rather than pure elements
alkaline-earth metals
-
K
H
D
M,L,G
D
C
M
(what does this stand for and what are the units?)
King Henry Died Monday Drinking Chocolate Milk
Kilo, Hecto, Deka, Meter, Liter, Gram, Deci, Centi, Milli
-
In Scientific Notation, will this number get smaller or larger?
7.2 x 10-5
the number will get smaller. it is .000072
-
In Scientific notation will this number be large or smaller?
9.5 x 105
the number will get larger. it is 930,000
-
what are the smaller parts of an atom called?
subatomic particles
-
Name the charge and location of each part of an atom:
1)electron
2)proton
3)neutron
- 1)outside the nucleus, has a negative charge
- 2)found in the nucleus of an atom and has a positive charge
- 3)also found in the nucleus and has no charge;it is neutral
-
The number of these in the nucleus is the atomic number, which determines an element's properties. The number of electrons is equal to the number of these.
Proton
-
The atom's central region which is made up of protons and neutrons
nucleus
-
Law that states the closer two charges are, the greater the force between them is.
Coulomb's Law
-
the sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons of the nucleus of an atom.
mass number
-
mass number-atomic number=?
number of neutrons
-
all of the frequencies or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation
electromagnetic spectrum
-
the lowest state pf a quantized system
ground state
-
a state in which an atom has more energy than it does in the ground state
excited state
-
the principle that states that two or more particles of a certain class cannot be in the exact same energy state
Pauli Exclusion Principle (p.96)
-
the arrangement of electrons in an atom
Electron Configuration
-
Principle that states that electrons fill orbitals that have the lowest energy first
Aufbau Principle
-
This rule states that each orbital is occupied before any pairing occurs
Hund's rule
-
Atomic mass is expressed in ____?
AMU or atomic mass unit
-
Is the SI unit to measure the amount of a substance whose number of particles is the same as the number of atoms in 12g of carbon-12
Mole
-
The mass in 1 mol of a substance
molar mass
-
6.022 x 1023 aka the number of atoms of molecules in 1 mol
Avogadro's Number
-
elements of group 17 of the periodic table which combine with most metals to form salts
halogens
-
Elements of group 18 that are unreactive and have eight electrons in its outer shell
noble gases
-
Groups 3-12 of the periodic table that are less reactive than the alkali and alkail-earth metals. They are good conductors of heat and are malleable
Transition metals
-
a solid or liquid mixture of two or more metals
alloy
-
The total energy content of a sample
Enthalpy
-
Measurement of heat-related constants like specific heat or latent heat
calorimeter
-
a measurement of the randomness or disorder of a system
entropy
-
energy in a system that is avaliable for work (aka free energy)
Gibbs energy
|
|