Chemistry Part 2

discovered by John Newland; trend that showed properties of elements seemed to repeat after every eigth element

a vertical column of elements in the periodic table; elements in a group share chemical properties

law that states repeating physical and chemical properties of elements change periodically with their atomic number

electron that is found in the outermost shell of an atom and that determines the atom's chemical properties

horizontal row of elements in the periodic table

elements in groups 1, 2, and 13-18; about half are metals and at room temp & atmospheric pressure, many are solids, while some are liquids or gases

Group 1

Group 2

group 17

group 18

elements in group 1 of the periodic table; lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium; they react with water to make alkaline solutions. They have one valence electron which make them very reactive. They are never found in nature and they are good conductors of electricity

Elements of Group 2 of the periodic table(Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium, and Radium)
-highly reactive
-usually found as compounds rather than pure elements

K
H
D
M,L,G
D
C
M
(what does this stand for and what are the units?)

In Scientific Notation, will this number get smaller or larger?

7.2 x 10^-5

In Scientific notation will this number be large or smaller?

9.5 x 10⁵

what are the smaller parts of an atom called?

Name the charge and location of each part of an atom:
1)electron
2)proton
3)neutron

The number of these in the nucleus is the atomic number, which determines an element's properties. The number of electrons is equal to the number of these.

The atom's central region which is made up of protons and neutrons

Law that states the closer two charges are, the greater the force between them is.

the sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons of the nucleus of an atom.

mass number-atomic number=?

all of the frequencies or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation

the lowest state pf a quantized system

a state in which an atom has more energy than it does in the ground state

the principle that states that two or more particles of a certain class cannot be in the exact same energy state

the arrangement of electrons in an atom

Principle that states that electrons fill orbitals that have the lowest energy first

This rule states that each orbital is occupied before any pairing occurs

Atomic mass is expressed in ____?

Is the SI unit to measure the amount of a substance whose number of particles is the same as the number of atoms in 12g of carbon-12

The mass in 1 mol of a substance

6.022 x 10²³ aka the number of atoms of molecules in 1 mol

elements of group 17 of the periodic table which combine with most metals to form salts

Elements of group 18 that are unreactive and have eight electrons in its outer shell

Groups 3-12 of the periodic table that are less reactive than the alkali and alkail-earth metals. They are good conductors of heat and are malleable

a solid or liquid mixture of two or more metals

The total energy content of a sample

Measurement of heat-related constants like specific heat or latent heat

a measurement of the randomness or disorder of a system

energy in a system that is avaliable for work (aka free energy)