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3 parts of the nervous system
- 1. spinal cord
- 2. brain
- 3. peripheral nervous system (nerves)
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cerebellum characteristics/role
- portion in the back of the head, split left & right, sits between the brain and brain stem
- role: controls BALANCE and COORDINATION (loss of cerebellum fxn when intoxicated)
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cerebrum characteristics/role
- largest portion of the brain, consists of frontal, occipital, temporal and parietal lobes
- role: speech, hearing, reasoning and thinking
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If left side of brain suffers an injury, which side of the body would be affected?
the RIGHT side (opposite)
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Brain stem characteristics/role
- made up of: medulla, pons and close to it is the reticular formation
- role: controls breathing, heart rate and blood pressure (BP)
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Which cranial nerve controls the movement of the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid?
Accessory Nerve (CN#11)
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pnemonic of cranial nerves in order w/#s
- Oh, Oh, Oh, To Taste And Feel Very Green Vegetables AH!
- CN1 - olfactory nerve
- 2 - optic
- 3 - oculomotor
- 4 - trochlear
- 5 - trigeminal
- 6 - abducens
- 7 - facial
- 8 - vestibulocochlear
- 9 - glossopharyngeal
- 10 - vagus
- 11 - accessory
- 12 - hypoglossal
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Which cranial nerve branches out to become 3 and name the 3
- CN#5 - trigeminal
- branches to become Optic, Maxillary and Mandibular
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Nervous System Types and subsets (fight or flight, rest & digest)
- Somatic - voluntary
- autonomic - involuntary
- within autonomic is: sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest & digest)
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which is essential, sympathetic or parasympathetic
Parasympathetic, as you can be stimulated and heart rate increased by other things besides sympathetic, but need parasympathetic to relax once stimulated.
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Which part of the nervous system carries impulses
The Peripheral nervous System
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Which part of the nervous system Regulates impulses
the Central Nervous System
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How many pairs of spinal nerves?
31
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How many pairs of cervical nerves?
8
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How many pairs of cranial nerves?
12
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what are plexuses
networks of axons
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cervical plexus
is formed by the anterior rami of C1-C5
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What comes out of the cervical plexus?
Phrenic nerves
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Brachial plexus
makes up anterior rami of C5-C8 and T1
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What does the brachial plexus supply
the shoulders, upper limb
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What does the cervical plexus supply
the neck and head
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Some important nerves that arise from brachial plexus
- auxillary nerve
- musculocutaneous nerve
- radial nerve
- median nerve
- ulnar nerve
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3 injuries to brachial nerves
- 1. wrist drop (waiter's tip), cannot extend the wrist or fingers. Radial nerve damage causes loss of sensation of lateral side of arm
- 2. ape hand, cannot move the thumb outside the plane of the hand. Damage to median nerve
- 3. claw hand, cannot flex the pointer and middle finger. Damage to ulnar nerve.
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Lumbar plexus
formed by anterior rami of L1-L4
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Important nerves that arise from lumbar plexus
- femoral nerves
- obturator nerves
- sciatic nerve
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Characteristics of sciatic nerve
- biggest nerve in the body
- splits into the tibial and fibular nerve
- comes out of the sciatic notch
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What does the lumbar plexus supply
external genitalia, part of the lower limb
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sacral plexus
formed by anterior rami of L4-L5 & S1-S4
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What does the sacral plexus supply?
buttocks, perineum, lower limbs, legs and feet
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Reflex Arc pathway (in order)
- Includes
- 1. sensory receptor: responds to a stimulus
- 2. sensory neuron: axons conduct impulses from receptor to integrating center
- 3. integrating center: within the CNS, relay impulses from sensory to motor neurons (Interneurons involved here)
- 4. Motor neuron: axon conducts impulses from integrating center to effector
- 5. Effector: muscle or gland that responds to motor nerve impulses
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Connective Tissue coverings of spinal nerves
- 1. epineurium: around the entire nerve
- 2. perineurium: around each fascicle
- 3. endoneurium: around each axon
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fornix
- bundle of axons in the brain, located in the midbrain, below the corpus callosum
- responsible for limbic system
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diancephelon
consists of thalamus, hypothelamus and penial glands
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Which cranial nerves sit in the midbrain?
CN#3 (oculomotor) and CN#4 (trochlear)
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What is the role of the red nucleus in the midbrain?
It helps control voluntary limb movements
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