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The total DNA sequence of an organism is known as its
genome.
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The shape of a DNA molecule is a
helix.
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Assume a locus with two alleles, F and G. If a woman with genotype FG mates with a man with genotype FG, the expected proportion of heterozygotes among their offspring is
50 percent.
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Some genes can have multiple effects on an organism, such as affecting different physical and biochemical systems. This is known as
pleiotropy.
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The MN blood group has two codominant alleles. How can a woman with type M blood have a child with type N blood?
The woman could never have a child with type N blood.
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Alleles are _________ if both of their effects are shown in the phenotype
codominant
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There are two alleles for the PTC-tasting locus in humans: T, which codes for tasting, and t, which codes for non-tasting. T is dominant and t is recessive. Imagine two parents that are tasters have a child that is a non-taster. Given this information, you know that the genotypes of the parents had to have been
Tt and Tt.
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Genes that are involved in turning protein-coding genes on or off, which affects how these genes are expressed, are known as __________ genes.Answer
regulatory
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Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes. The process of sex-cell formation provides _____________ chromosomes to an offspring from each parent.
23
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Human beings have ____ pairs of chromosomes.
23
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The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used for
amplifying small amounts of DNA for analysis.
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DNA consists of coding sections (known as ________) and non-coding sections (known as _________).
exons / introns
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Human behavior is clearly the result of
genetics and environment
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Each amino acid is coded for by _______ chemical bases.
3
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____________ is the production of body cells, whereas _________ is the production of sex cells
Mitosis / meiosis
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Many traits are affected by both genetic and environmental factors. If everyone in a population had the exact same environment, the heritability would be ____ percent.
100
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For the human sex chromosomes, males have
an X chromosome and a Y chromosome.
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Mitochondrial DNA is inherited from
the mother.
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Hemophilia is caused by a recessive allele found on the X chromosome. As such, hemophilia will be
more common in males than females.
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_________ genes encode a sequence of 60 amino acids that regulate embryonic development.
Homeobox
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Where is DNA found in a cell?
Mostly in the nucleus, with a small amount in the mitochondria.
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Y chromosome DNA is inherited from
the father.
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Sometimes alleles for different genes are inherited together, which is due to
linkage
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_____________ is responsible for transporting genetic information to the site of protein synthesis.
Messenger RNA
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Imagine a species where there is a locus with two alleles, A and B. Further imagine that A and B are codominant. How many different phenotypes are possible in this species?
3
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Conditions such as Down syndrome involve
monosomy and trisomy
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