Comm 1500, exam 3

• more like TV and Radio
• Anyone with receivers could access

Currant Internet providers are required to create all web content equality

• Emphasized international communities More voices included, too many voices Agenda setting
• benefits & costs,

• Feed-back
• Nothing goes away

• Marketing Platform
• Disembodied media-not physical

• CARNIVAL
• Fixed
• Professional’s vs locals
• Choreographed
• Story lines created

CONVENTIONS-codes between insiders

code of silence about how wrestling works

• Smarts are insiders
• Marks are outsiders

1992-Sports entertainment

• Brings people together
• Story fixed
• Match fixed
• Provided a way to get audience feedback

• SMART MARKS
• Hybrid
• GATHER INFO
• TALK AMONG SELVES
• FEEDBACK TO INDUSTRY-integrate fan opinion
• Story line-angles

• The best decisions are made by people who have the ability to argue for or against point and ideas
• Essential means of discovering truth
• The individual has the ability to discover from trial and error

• free speech can harm the community
• Can harm individual rights
• Hate speech/crime

• new idea
• Not universal
• not absolute

Value of the speech vs the value of the governing body

• Political is high value
• Academic speech is high value
• Low value- obscenity, hate speech, fighting words
• Intermediate- advertising, entertainment

• High value- print media, face to face communication
• Low value- broadcast media

• FCC REGS-federal communication commission
• only certain amount of bandwith or frequency

• More freedom as time goes on
• Fighting words allowed
• Can criticize government and war Wartime- free speech can be temporarily restricted

• PRIOR RESTRAINT-controlling content before publication
• POST PUBLISHING PUNISHMENT

• FREE AIR TIME
• CONTRIBUTION LIMITS

• 1886-santa Clara city vs. southern pacific railroad-Corporations are persons, have rights
• 1976-Buckly Vs Vallejo-spending money is speech
• McCain Finegold Bill- no soft money, no advertising 60 day before election season Citizens united vs FEC- repealed McCain Bill

involve questions of right or wrong conduct

• MORAL RELATIVISM- no absolute right or wrong
• EXPEDIENCY

• job description
• Can limit success

• IMMANUEL KANT-CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE STDS:
• PERSON AS END NOT MEANS ACTS ONLY AS ALL OUGHT TO ACT

JOHN STUART MILL –UTILITARIANISM- judge an action by its consequences

• INDUSTRIES
• COMMON PRACTICES
• MESSAGE TYPES
• INDIVIDUAL MESSAGES

• 1) ANALYZE CASE/ MSSG: SOURCE, RECEIVER, MEDIUM, CONTEXT
• 2) APPLY ETHICAL THEORIES, duty- consider the rights of persons, Consequence, freedom of speech, conduct, proof, etc…
• 3) MAKE JUDGMENT
• 4) PROPOSE SOLUTION

• A) AUDIENCE RESPONSIBLE
• 1) LIBERTARIAN MODEL: WEAK MEDIA/STRONG AUDIENCE, individual choice, not medias fault
• B) INDUSTRY RESPOSIBLE
• 2) SOC RSP MODEL: STRONG MEDIA/WEAK AUDIENCEB)

all messages are polysemic

can’t hold author responsible

• REASON OVER EMOTION-reason is more ethical
• TEXT OVER VISUAL more influential

industry is responsible for the influence it holds over its audience.

people can make their own decisions

• Representations of beauty, changes in body image
• Nobody can have a perfect body
• Visual media
• Counter image

• Nuremburg Files and Christian Gallery- pro life, incitement to kill abortion doctors, post pictures of the women seeking abortions to make them ashamed of getting abortions
• Hate speech and White supremacy

art of persuasive speech

skill set for created can be the same of analyzing

• how speech can be analyzed and understood analyzing the message
• evaluate and judge the message

• ROLAND BARTHES & SEMIOTICS as an approach to understanding messages
• STANLEY FISH & INTERP COMMS for understanding literature

DAN WEISSBERG & WRESTLING LAUREN BERLANT & CITIZENSHIP-understand what citizenship is, understand popular culture’s meaning of citizenship

• MASS CULTURE THEORIES
• POPULAR CULTURE THEORIES

massification of culture is connected to the culture industry- wants to sell culture.

• FRANKFURT SCHOOL WALTER BENJAMIN & MECH. REPRODUCTION- what happens to culture during industryfolk culture disappears, from the bottom up
• HORKHEIMER & ADORNO coined- CULTURE INDUSTRY
• NOAM CHOMSKY: NEWS & PROPAGANDA-manufacture our consent and majority

PROFIT-primary goal is to make money PROPAGANDA-promote economic ideas

CULTURE IMPOSED FROM ABOVE

• Derrida –everything is polysemic
• JOHN FISKE- culture is a process of making meaning

• AUDIENCE DRIVEN: DEMAND, RESISTANCE
• CULTURE CREATED FROM BELOW

driven by a heroes confrontation of circumstance, and triumphs

Driven by misunderstanding and error, resolved by knowing the truth

tragic flaw, horrific events, resolved in more horrible events

ome absurd condition of life, everyone is affected/can’t escape

• Minor-No significance later
• Major-Have significance

• History=True
• Fiction=Understand not true, pretend
• Religious=belief that it is true

• Auhortarian
• Totalitarian
• Libertarian
• Social Responsability

• Cooperate in complex ways
• complex thought
• technological capacity
• Spirituality and culture

• Larger societies
• Historical Progress
• enabled creation of Tradition

Common language

denial of choice

age, gender, etc

Psychological categories

• False authority
• Bandwagon
• Littering generalities
• slogans/jingle

Contex, Tone, Non verbal (posture expression)

Elite, Popular, Specialized

There is no Context or verbal/non-verbal ques

Elite: X2 Elite, then middle classPopular: Rotary press, political/culturalSpecialized: small audiences

THOMAS PAINE’S COMMON SENSEFREDERICK DOUGLASS’S NARRATIVE:Life as a slaveHORATIO ALGER: Rags to riches

• Harry Balter: Harry Balter is a white boy of about Lauren's age. He is the boyfriend of Joanne Garfield, who is his cousin. When Lauren's neighborhood is overrun by thieves and arsonists, Harry is one of the few survivors, and he and Lauren, along with Zahra,escape together.
• Taylor Franklin Bankole: Bankole is a fifty-seven-year-old African-American doctor. He joins Lauren's group about four weeks after their trek north begins; he is heading toward some land he owns in the hills on the coast where his sister and her family live
• Travis & Gloria Douglas-First people to join Laura. Dominic is there son
• Jill & Allie Gilchrist-Running away from their pimp father
• Doe Mora : Doe Mora is the eight-year-old daughter of Grayson Mora. Grayson Mora-Grayson Mora is a Latino and the father of Doe Mora. He is the last person to join Lauren's group
• Zahra Moss: Zahra Moss is Richard Moss's husband. He purchased her from her homeless mother when she was fifteen.With Harry Balter, Zahra is one of the few survivors, and she joins the other two and walks north. Zahra can neither read nor write, and Lauren begins to teach her.
• Keith Olamina: Keith Olamina is twelve years old, the oldest of Lauren's three brothers
• Lauren Olamina : Lauren Olamina is the narrator and heroine of the novel. She is fifteen yearsold when the story begins. Lauren is African-American, intelligent andwell-educated, already having taken some college-level courses.
• Marcus Olamina: Marcus Olamina is Lauren's eleven-year-old brotherReverend Olamina: Reverend Olamina is Lauren's father. He is a Ph.D. and he teaches at the local college. He is also a Baptist minister
• Emery Tanaka Solis: Emery Tanaka Solis is a twenty-three-year-old woman of mixed racial origins. Here and her daughter join Lauren's group near the end of the journey
• north.

• Takes a while to learn to use a new technology
• Completely digitized
• Borrow from the previous media practices

Professional model- objective and factualPolitical party news, biased

Philip fern-Designed to oppose Washington’s economic ideasHybrid

• Deferential political system- ideas trickle down society
• Started during the founding of the country
• Alien and Sedition acts-Crime to criticize government officials or policies

(45% adds, 14%gear) almost 60% for selling

TECHNIQUES OF EDITINGSHOTS AND MUSIC THE LANGUAGE OF- STORYTELLING DEVELOPSSHOOTING & SCENES

• EDITINGEDWIN PORTER - GREAT TRAIN ROBBERY (1903)
• Shots not taken in order
• NickelodeonStory board
• Black and white

• Long filmShorter scenes
• Its own score
• Close ups and different angles

• 180 degree rule
• SHOT/REVERSE shot
• Seen from all sides of a scene
• PANNING

• PLOT: ROMANTICDriven by a heroes confrontation with circumstance
• Hero triumphs
• Hero changed foreverInspire support for the war

• ONE SIDED/DEHUMANIZE ENEMY
• Biased

INSPIRE AUDS TO SACRIFICE OR HONOR CAUSE, VETS, COUNTRY

• COMIC-Youthful idealists come to realizations of war
• TRAGIC-Driven by tragic flaw or condition
• Dark side of human nature

• MINIMIZED/SANCTIFIED Violence not shown in detail
• No blood
• Inspire audiences to die for honor and glory

• TWO SIDED
• ENEMY HUMAN

• Emphasize gore and violence
• Create revulsion
• Violence is unnecessary

INSPIRE REVULSION TOWARD WAR

Create their own codes Media changes the code

• Made in the popular stage
• Specialized in 50s
• Compete with television
• Elaborate special effects

• Developed from the telegraph
• First radio stations owned by electric companies
• Not distributed physically (can’t see)

• Not part of the physical spectrum
• Can’t see it
• Only so much bandwidth
• Government involvement
• Radio act of 1927
• FRC (federal radio commission)
• 1934 FCC (federal communication commission)

Vaudville

• LIVE vs RECORDED MUSIC
• THE PROFESSIONALIZATION OF MUSIC Better expectations

• NON-RATIONAL-appeals to emotion
• POLYSEMIC-many possible meanings Age, sex, political opinion
• MNEMONIC- creates strong memory

• Trope and a simile
• SIGNIFIER VS SIGNIFIED-intended meaning, indirect meaning
• FIGURAL VS LITERAL- indirect meaning, literal meaning
• VEHICLE VS TENOR

• Interpreting Music: & narrowing surplus, metaphor & irony
• Interpretive Communities & Intertextuality (relation of)

• POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES CONSERVATIVE: ECONOMIC & SOCIAL-skeptical of government
• LIBERAL: ECONOMIC & SOCIAL government is good
• CHAR SIGNIFYING IDEOLOGIES: ARCHIE & MIKE

• Semiotic System (news events and prophecies)
• Relating scripture to past events or past events to scripture