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somatic senses
respond to touch, pressure, temperature, and pain
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special senses
respond to smell, taste, vision, and equilibrium
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chemoreceptors
a sensory nerve cell activated by chemical stimuli
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mechanoreceptors
receptors that are sensitive to mechanical pressures such as touch, sound, and labor contractions
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thermoreceptors
sensory receptors that respond to heat/cold and are sensitive to body temperatures
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photoreceptors
specialized receptors that respond to light energy and are found in the human retina
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pain receptors
free, unspecialized nerve endings that bring info from the external environment to the brain
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visceral pain
occurs in visceral tissues such as the heart, lungs, and intestines
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referred pain
feels as though it is coming from a different body part
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acute pain
originates from the skin and usually stops when the stimulus stops
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chronic pain
a dull, aching sensation
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sweet taste
responds to sugars, some amino acids, and lead salts
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sour taste
responds to acidic hydrogen ions
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salty taste
responds to metal ions in solution
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bitter taste
responds to alkaloids
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umami
responds to the amino acid glutamate for the taste savory
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auditory (Eustachian) tube
connects the middle ear to the back of the throat and helps maintain air pressure
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labyrinth
communicating chambers and tubes in the inner ear
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semi-circular canals
provide a sense of equilibrium
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eyelid
covers and protects the eye
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conjunctiva
the covering around the eye and under the eyelids
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lacrimal glands
produce tears and drain into the nasal cavity; the largest set of eye glands; moisten and lubricate the eye surface
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exrinsic muscles
the 6 muscles that move the eyeball
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cornea
the transparent part of the eye that focuses light rays
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sclera
a continuation of the cornea that goes towards the back of the eye
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optic nerve
exits the optic disc and transmits visual information to the brain
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iris
the colored portion of the eye
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pupil
an opening for light to enter in the eye
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retina
visual receptor cells
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