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what is the books definition of a drug?
a chemical substance that, when taken into the body, alters the structure or functioning of the body in some way, excluding those nutrients considered to be related to normal functioning.
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what is instumental drug use?
when a person takes the drug with a socially approved goal in mind
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what are physchoactive drugs?
drugs that act on the central nervous system
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what is drug dependence?
a condition where individuals feel a compulsive need to continue taking a drug. in this process, the drug assumes an increasingly central role in the indiviual's life
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what are recreational drugs?
reffering to the motivation of the drug user who takes the drug only to get high or achieve some pleasurable effect
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what is the leading reason for drug abuse?
to have a good time with friends at 65%
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what are commonly accepted risk factors for substance abuse?
social economic, availiability, depression, how many adults you know that use, and peers
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what are the limitations on claims made by dietary supplements?
no dietary supplements can refer to diseases
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what does it mean to be classified as a schedule one drug?
high potential for abuse. no accepted medical use.
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what is a drug trigger?
things that trigger a response or increase in a particular desire
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what is pharmological violence
the drug itself causes people to become excitable, irrational, or lowers inhibitions- so the real you can come through
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what is ED? and why does it begin with 50%
effective dose. we begin at 50% because it's the dosage or levelthe drug is effective for 50% of the people taking it.
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what are the three broad perspectives that experts view substance abuse from?
- 1- potential for toxicity
- 2- potentail for behavioral and physiological
- 3- the association between drug taking and the possibility of violence and crime
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what is physical dependence?
shake, dizziness, agitation, difficulty concentrating, actual physical pain, and visual disturbances
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what is the relationship between the effective curve and the lethal curve? how does it relate to the toxicity of a drug?
effective is how well it works letha is how many it kills. the closer they are, the more toxic the drug
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what is the DAWN reporting system? what infromation does it collect?
Drug Abuse Warning Network. it collects the number of ER visits where the patient self identifies as the reason for the visit as drug related, and the number of deaths that are drug related
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what are the four principal routes of drug administration?
Oral, Injection, inhalation, and absorbtion
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what are the advantages of oral medications?
it is the easiest and safest way to consume drugs
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what are the advantages and disadvantages of injectable drugs
- it is extremely dangerous- disadvantage
- fastest way to get the drug in the system- advantage
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what does the parasympathetic nerves do
part of the nervous system that tends to slow down or restores the body to a state of rest and maintenance
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what part of your brain contains the seat of reasoning?
forebrain
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what is drug tolerence?
tolerance has to do with a drugs diminished ability to produce the same effects over time without decreasing dose
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what part of the brain contains the life support system?
hindbrain
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it is the role of _____ to recieve and transmit information
neurons
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Neurotransmitters must carry information across the synaptic junction. if there is no match there is no connection. what are the six major neurotransmitting drugs in the body?
acetylcholine, nor-epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, GABA, endorphins
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what does cocaine come from?
coca leaves that have been soaked, crushed and washed in an alcohol bath, then treated with kerosine
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the effects of cocaine are dependent on three general criteria. what are they?
way the drug is taken into the body, purity, user's expectations
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what is the most commonly reported experience among cocaine users?
sudden burst of energy
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what happens to your mood as the cocaine level in your blood drops?
users become depressed, irratible, and despondant
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what makes free basing dangerous?
it can explode of catch fire easily
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in order to be injected what must happen to the coca leaf?
must be treated with oxidizing agent
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what are the signs and symptoms of cocaine abuse?
enlarged pupils, increased heart rate, increased irratibility, paranoia, sneezing and redness around the nose, depression, insomnia, decreased appetite- massive weight loss
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should one go "cold turkey" when quitting cocaine?
yes, absolutely
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which hand is stronger and lasts longer with regards to amphetamines?
right handed
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what does coffee come from?
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how important was the information coming from coffee houses thought to be?
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what family of stimulants does caffeine belong to?
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how much caffeine is there in an average cup of coffee?d
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how does most of the caffiene get into pop?
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how much pop does the average american drink?
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does Chocolate have as much caffeine as tea and coffee?
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does coffee help to sober drunks up?
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how does coffee affect neuro transmitters?
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what is the relationship between high amounts of caffiene and osteoperosis?
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