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Factors Associated with increased medical cost
- Aging population - the elderly get sick more often
- increase in catastrophic healthcare conditions, such as AIDS and Cancer
- Increase in premature birth; premature births are more expensive
- Organ transplants are very expensive
- dental health is becoming very expensive
- healthcare lawsuits costs are increasing
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Sandwich Generation
Family that has both you kids and old parents
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Senescence
This is a decline in physical ability accompanied by a rise in vulnerability to disease and stress
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Age stratification
Every society gives certain roles and status based on age
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Secondary problems
problems that happen as a result of a disability or disease
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Major Activity
- 10% of population has a problem with a major activity
- Play, Work, School, Self Care
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Education
Lower your education the higher probability of disability
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Race
American indians have the highest disability rate asians have the lowest
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Age
- People under 18 have more mental disabilities, hearing loss, asthma, and speech impediments
- Older adults tend to have more orthopedic disabilities, degenerative diseases, and accidents
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Ethnocentrism
Judging another culture through your own standards
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Family characterized by
- Common residents
- economic cooperation
- reproduction
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It is a marital relationship or membershipThis is two individuals bonded together by marriageThis bond can be broken
Affinal
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This is a matter of birth related by blood this cannot be broken
Consanguineal
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This is an adopted membershipin can also be relationships of Godparents and Godchildren
Fictive
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Family of Orientation
Consists of blood-kin
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Family of Procreation
This consists of a family built by procreation
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Polygamist Family
Two or more nuclear families related by marriage
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Monogamy
One man and one woman
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Serial Monogamy
This is having multiple marriages, one after the other
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Polygyny
This is one man and two or more women
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Polyandry
This is one woman and two or more men
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Example of group marriage community
The Oneida Community in upstate new york
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The kids are from different serical manogamy relationships
single parent families
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A couple get married and lives with or close to the husbands family
Patriarchal
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Couple gets married and lives with or near wife's parents
Matriarchal
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Couple who gets married and lives in new place away from parents
Neolocal
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three elements of religion
- Ritual
- A myth or Story
- Sacred Law
-
People who believe in a given religion
Adherents
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three functions of the three elements of religion
- prescribe adherents in prescribed communal activities
- they shape the manner in which adherents view and understand the world
- they help structure the behavior patterns of the religious adherents
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Cult
A small religious group in a state of tension with the predominant religion
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Sects
- exclusive
- see themselves as having the absolute and final truth
- consider the dominant traditions of society as immoral
- demand members see sect as primary allegiance
- voluntary participation
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The people in a sect
Laity
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church or denomination
- include the just and unjust
- sinners can be rehabilitated in the eyes of the church
- church tends to accept the dominant traditions of society
- ther is a paid highly educated ministry or priesthood that dominates the religious activities
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Causes of increased homelessness
- Elimination of county poor farms
- changes in vagrancy laws
- Reduction in admittance to mental hospitals
- Urban Renewal and Elimination of Flophouses
- Increase in Divorce and Births to Unwed mothers
- Increase in substance abuse\Changing Economy
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Social infastructure
The programer that programs the street lights
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Change that comes about from within a system
Endogenous
-
Change that comes about from outside a system
Exogenous
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5 Stages of Purchase
- Awareness of a product
- Information seeking stage
- Evaluation
- Trial
- Purchase/adoption
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six types of purchasers
- Innovators
- early adopters
- early majority
- majority
- laggers
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Combination of demographic characteristics together with psychological profiles
Psychographics
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The act of freeing a slave
- manumission
- never available in america
-
Mixture of different racial stocks through inbreeding
Miscegenation
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Black Belt
90% of rural african american population lives in southeast
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two places young people dont vote
- Military Bases
- College Towns
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Vital statistics
Information such as births, deaths, marriage, divorce, infant death rate, and epidemiological information
-
Sources of Data
- Census
- Survey Data
- Vital Statistics
- Federal, state, local agencies of the government
- private industry
- historical records
- focus groups
- content analysis
- personal observations
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Merril Act
Created land grant institutions in all 50 states
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second Merril Act
Created black land grant institutions
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Demography
- The scientific study of population
- subset of sociology
-
Demographics
applied demography
-
information
knowledge derived from the study of data
-
Primary Data
you collect the data yourself
-
Secondary Data
Data that someone else has gathered
-
Three major topics in formal demography
- Population Processes (birth death and migration)
- Population Structure (age and gender)
- Population Characteristics (marital status race religion and socioeconomic status)
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Group tracked throughout time
Cohort
-
Fertility
Number of children born to women
-
Fecundity
- biological capability to produce children
- 15-44
-
Becker's thesis
Higher Stratus couples have higher costs for having kids
-
Demographic transitions
- High fertility high mortality
- high fertility low mortality
- low fertility low mortality
-
Crude birth rate
Total number of births divided by population
-
Age specific fertility rate
total number of live births to women age 16-44 divided by total number of women age 16-44 * 1000
-
lifespan
- the oldest age to which a human can survive
- almost entirely biological
-
Longevity
- the ability to remain alive from one year to the next
- both biological and social
-
leading causes of death
- Degeneration
- Communicable diseases
- Childhood diseases
-
Crude mortality rate
Total deaths / Total population * 1000
-
Infant mortality rate
Deaths from age 0-1 / births
-
division or process of dividing into two mutually exclusive groups
Dichotomy
-
Ecological definition of rural vs. urban
based on population
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sociocultural definitions of rural vs urban
Way of life
-
german word for rural
Gemeinschaft
-
German word for rural
Gesellschaft
-
7 reasons for rural turn around
- Improvement in the quality of life in rural areas
- Interstate highway system
- Rural industrialization
- excess cash in rural areas
- Increased retiree demand
- colleges and universities located in rural areas
- urban unrest and anti urban bias
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child dependency ratio
number of youth dependents / total working population * 100
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