General Pathology

Study of body structures in any level

Study of functions of organ/structure (all processes)

Study of disease processes

Any condition that is other than normal (abnormal lab value, clinical signs and symptoms)

State of equilibrium of the internal environment of the body regulated by complex mechanism

Disease or defect present at birth, developed in uterus. Can apparent immediately or remain latent until later

Disease transferred from genes of parent(s) to genes of child

Improper cell division

Cells in the fetus don’t migrate to the proper location, structures fuse or divide improperly

Environmental factors that affect the fetus in uterus, causing chromosomal or developmental abnormalities

Physical injury caused by an external force

Acceleration-Deceleration, cuts and punctures, poisons and radiation, burns

Invasion of the body by a foreign organism, in favorable conditions for organism it will multiply and damage cells and tissue

Bacteria, virus, fungus and parasites

Disease with unknown or uncertain cause

Disuse or wasting of tissue, cell size decrease, shrinking of organ

Increasing of cell size, enlarging of organ

Increasing of cell number, enlarging of organ

New abnormal cell growing

Injured or damaged cell death

Localized tumor, will not invade the organ, will not spread to other organs

Slow rate of growth, well encapsulated, is not invading, compressing the tissue, will not reoccur after removal, cold spot

Tumor composed of connective tissue

Tumor composed of muscle (common in the uterus, called Fibroma because of a connective tissue covering

Tumor composed of fat (common under the skin)

Tumor composed of epithelial tissue (grows from the lining of organs, polyp of GB, wart of skin)

Tumor composed of glandular epithelial tissue (can be found in liver, kidneys, pancreas, breast)

Serous or mucinous fluid secreted by epithelial tissue that becomes cystic (commonly found in ovaries)

Invasive tumor that destroys the host tissue, spreads to other organs resulting in death of the organism

Fast rate of growth, not well encapsulated, invades to host tissue, spreads to distant organs, can reoccur after removal, hot spot

General term given to cancers composed of epithelial tissue

Composed of connective tissue (more common in children and young adults)

Tumor of mixed tissues, malignant form of neoplasm

Describing tumor in a child

Spreading of malignant tumor, can be spread via blood, lymph or by direct contact with adjacent tissue.

Primary cancer

Secondary cancer

Increased blood supply to the area (Color)

Fluids released into the tissue to dilute toxic agents (Tumor)

Tissue temperature increase because of increased blood supply, leads to fever (Calor)

Pain can be localized or referred to another area in the body (Dolor)

Ultimate result of inflammation, this can be reversed (Pallor)

No permanent damage

After the body is exposed to infection, body is building resistance to future infections

Formation of fibrous or scar tissue, can affect tissue function if its big

If disease condition repeats its termed CHRONIC

• Healing process may result in hematoma formation; it’s a blood-filled tumor or blood clot. (sonographically appears like a cyst)
• Abscess Infections usually are leading to abscess formation, localized pus collection. It is caused by pyogenic collection

Necrosis cases, if considerable amount of tissue is affected its termed Gangrene. Gangrene will spread to adjacent tissue and must be excised (surgically removed) before healing will take place