-
the length of a human pregnancy is generally 40 weeks. this is known as the _______ ________.
gestation period
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there are two parts to human development, what are their names?
embryonic development
fetal development
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______ is when cells become specialized in structure and function
differentation
-
______ is when body parts take on a certain shape or form
morphogenesis
-
what are the five classes of higher animals?
- fish
- amphibians
- reptiles
- birds
- mammals
-
what are the four developmental stages
- cleavage
- bastula
- gastrula
- neurula
-
which two developmental stages can be described as having cell division without growth?
cleavage and blastula
-
a human blastula has an inner cell mass that is described as totipotent. what does that mean
the mass can develop into a total and complete human being
-
monozygotic twins are
identical
-
dizygotic twins are
fraternal
-
in the gastrula stage cells push or invaginate into the
blastocoel
-
the primitive gut is formed during the gastrula stage. what is another name for the primitive gut
archenteron
-
another name for the blastopore is
anus
-
there are three tissue layers called the _____ layers
germ
-
what are the three germ layers
endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
-
the first system to develop is
the nervous system
-
______ is the epidermis of skin, epithelial lining of oral cavity and rectum; nervous system
ectoderm
-
_______ is the skeletal, muscular, circulatory, excretory and reproductive systems and the dermis of skin
mesoderm
-
________ is the epithelial lining of digestive and respiratory tracts; urinary bladder
endoderm
-
what is the order of germ layers from inside ---> out
endoderm-->mesoderm-->ectoderm
-
what does the notochord develop into?
the vertebral column or backbone
-
neurulation occurs by _____
induction
-
what are the three substages of the neurula stage?
- neural plate stage
- neural groove stage
- neural tube stage
-
how do cells become specialized?
ooplasmic segregation
-
what is the first site of blood cell formation
yolk sac
-
gas exchange happens here
chorion
-
collects and stores waste (bulk of umbilical cord)
allantois
-
provides nutrients (first site of blood cell formation)
yolk sac
-
watery like substance that protects the embryo
amnion
-
the first and second month of human development is known as
embryonic development
-
the third thru ninth month of human development is known as
fetal development
-
an egg is fertalized in the upper 1/3 of the
oviduct
-
implantation in the wall of the _____ begins at the end of the first week
uterus
-
____ begins to develop in the first week of embryonic development. it aids in the implantation of embryo and forms the fetal portion of the placenta
chorion
-
fetal circulation is different from adult circulation. what is different
- foramen ovale
- ductus arteriosus
- umbilical areteries and vein
- ductus venosus
-
pulmonary means
heart to lungs
-
systemic means
heart to body systems
-
what are the three methods of genetic defect testing before birth
- amniocentesis
- chorionic villi sampling
- egg sampling
-
what are the three stages of giving birth
- dialation of cervix
- infant is born
- afterbirth (placenta) is expelled
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