MedT Ch. 16 & 17

fat cell

person with skin deficient in pigment (melanin)

one of the large dermal exocrine glands located in the axilla and genital areas; secretes sweat

deepest region of the epidermis; it gives rise to all the epidermal cells

structural protein found in the skin and connective tissue

band of epidermis at the base and sides of the nail plate

middle layer of the skin

most numerous sweat-producing exocrine gland in the skin

outermost layer of the skin

layer of skin cells forming the outer and inner surfaces of the body

sac within which each hair grows

the skin and its accessory structures such as hair and nails

hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, and nails

the half-moon-shaped, whitish area at the base of a nail

major skin pigment; formed by melanocytes in the epidermis

soft tissue surrounding the nail border

tiny opening on the surface of the skin

oil-secreting gland in the dermis that is associated with hair follicles

oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands

flat, scale-like cells composing the epidermis

arranged in layers

a layer (of cells)

outermost layer of the epidermis, which consists of flattened, keratinized cells

innermost layer of the skin, containing fat tissue

adip/o

albin/o

caus/o

cauter/o

cutane/o

anthrac/o

chlor/o

cirrh/o

cyan/o

eosin/o

erythr/o

jaund/o

leuk/o

lute/o

melan/o

poli/o

xanth/o

derm/o, dermat/o

diaphor/o

erythem/o, erythemat/o

hidr/o

ichthy/o

kerat/o

leuk/o

lip/o

myc/o

onych/o

phyt/o

pil/o

py/o

rhytid/o

seb/o

squam/o

steat/o

trich/o

ungu/o

xer/o

collection of dried serum and cellular debris

thick-walled, closed sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material; sebaceous cyst

wearing away or loss of epidermis

groove or crack-like sore

flat lesion measuring less than 1cm in diameter; freckles, flat moles

solid, round or oval elevated lesion 1cm or more in diameter

small (less than 1cm), solid elevation of skin; pimples

growth extending from surface of mucous membrane

papule containing pus; abscess

open sore on the skin or mucous membranes (deeper than an erosion); bedsores

small collection (papule) of clear fluid (serum); blister

large vesicle

smooth, edematous (swollen) papule or plaque that is redder or paler than the surrounding skin; hives

absence of hair from areas where it normally grows

bluish-purplish mark (bruise) on the skin

small, pinpoint hemorrhage

itching

acute allergic reaction in which red, round wheals develop on the skin

chronic papular and pustular eruption of the skin with increased production of sebum

injury to tissues caused by heat contact

type of burn: superficial epidermal lesions, erythema, hyperesthesia, and no blisters

type of burn: epidermal and dermal lesions, erythema, blisters, and hyperesthesia

epidermis and dermis are destroyed (necrosis of skin), and subcutaneous layer is damaged leaving charred, white tissue

diffuse, acute infection of the skin marked by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling

inflammatory skin disease with erythematous, papulovesicular lesions

rash (exanthem) of the skin due to viral infections (ex. rubella, rubeola, varicella)

death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply

bacterial inflammatory skin disease characterized by vesicles, pustules, and crusted-over lesions

chronic, recurrent dermatosis marked by itchy, scaly, red plaques covered by silvery gray scales

contagious, parasitic infection of the skin with intense pruritus

chronic progressive disease of the skin and internal organs with hardening and shrinking of connective tissue

chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of collagen in skin, joints, and internal organs

infection of the skin caused by a fungus (ringworm, athlete's foot, ect)

loss of pigment (depigmentation) in areas of the skin (milk-white patches)

increased growth of cells in the keratin layer of the epidermis caused by pressure or friction

hypertrophied, thickened scar developing after trauma or surgical incision

thickened and rough lesion of the epidermis; associated with aging or skin damage

white, thickened patches on mucous membrane tissue of the tongue or cheek

pigmented lesion of the skin

epidermal growth (wart) caused by a virus

malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis

malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells in the epidermis

cancerous growth composed of melanocytes

malignant, vascular, neoplastic growth characterized by cutaneous nodules

samples of skin are examined for presence of microorganisms

scrapings from skin lesions, hair specimens, or nail clipping are sent to a laboratory for culture and microscopic examination

use of subfreezing temperature via liquid nitrogen application to destroy tissue

use of a sharp dermal curette to scrape away a skin lesion

tissue is destoyed by burning with an electric spark

thin layers of malignant tissue are removed, and each is examined under a microscope to check for adequate extent of the resection

suspected malignant skin lesions are removed and examined microscopically by a pathologist

substances are injected intradermally or applied to the skin, and results are observed

normal adjustment of the eye to focus on objects from far to near or near to far

area behind the cornea and in front of the lens and iris; contains aqueous humor

fluid produced by the ciliary body and found in the anterior chamber

consisting of two surfaces that are rounded, elevated, and curved evenly, like part of a sphere

middle, vascular layer of the eye, between the retina and the sclera

structure surrounding the lens that connects the choroid and iris; controls the shape of the iris, secretes aqueous humor

photoreceptor cell in the retina that transforms light energy into nerve impulse; responsible for color and central vision

delicate membrane lining the undersurface of the eyelids and covering the anterior eyeball

fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball

tiny pit or depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision

posterior, inner part of the eye

pigmented layer that opens and closes to allow more or less light into the eye

transparent, biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye; bends (refracts) light rays to bring them into focus on the retina

yellowish region on the retina lateral to and slightly below the optic disc; contains fovea centralis

point at which optic nerve fibers cross in the brain

region at that back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina; blind spot of the eye because it contains only nerve fibers, no rods or cones

cranial nerve carrying impulses from retina to brain

central opening of the eye, surrounded by the iris, through which light rays pass; appears dark

bending of light rays by the cornea, lens, and fluids of the eye to bring the rays into focus on the retina

light-sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye containing photoreceptor cells (rods and cones)

photoreceptor cell of the retina essential for vision in dim light and peripheral vision

tough, white outer coat of the eyeball

relay center of the brain

soft, jelly-like material behind the lens in the vitreous chamber; helps maintain the shape of the eyeball

aque/o

blephar/o

conjunctiv/o

cor/o

corne/o

cycl/o

dacry/o

ir/o, irid/o

kerat/o

lacrim/o

ocul/o

ophthalm/o

opt/o, optic/o

palpebr/o

papill/o

phac/o, phak/o

pupill/o

retin/o

scler/o

uve/o

vitre/o

ambly/o

dipl/o

glauc/o

mi/o

mydr/o

nyct/o

phot/o

presby/o

scot/o

xer/o

-opia

-opsia

-tropia

defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye

farsightedness

nearsightedness

impairment of vision as a result of old age

clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision

small, hard, cystic mass (granuloma) on the eyelid

retinal effects of diabetes mellitus include microaneurysms, hemorrhages, dilation of retinal veins, and neovascularization (new blood vessels form in the retina)

increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision

localized, purulent, inflammatory staphylococcal infection of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid

progressive damage to teh macula of the retina

repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes

inflammation of eyelid, causing redness, crusting, and swelling along lid margins

blockage, inflammation, and infection of a nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac, causing redness and swelling in the region between the nose and lower eyelid

outward sagging and eversion of the eyelid, leading to improper lacrimation and corneal drying and ulceration

inversion of the eyelid, causing the lashes to rub against the eye; corneal abrasion may result

drooping of upper lid margin as a result of neuromuscular problems or trauma

raised yellowish plaque on eyelid caused by lipid disorder

two layers of the retina separate from each other

abnormal deviation of the eye

intravenous injection of fluorescein followed by serial photographs of the retina through dilated pupils

visual examination of the interior of the eye

examination of anterior ocular structures under microscopic magnification

clarity of vision is assessed

measurement of the area (peripheral and central) within which objects are seen when the eyes are fixed, looking straight ahead without movement of the head

removal of the entire eyeball

surgical repair of the cornea

intense, precisely focused light beam (argon laser) creates an inflammatory reaction that seals retinal tears and leaky retinal blood vessels

use of an excimer laser to correct errors of refraction (myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism); laser in situ keratomileusis

ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens which then is aspirated through the ultrasonic probe

suture of a silicone band to the sclera over a detached portion of the retina

removal of the vitreous humor

channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum

auditory canal

carry impulses from the inner ear to the brain (cerebral cortex); compose of the vestibulocochlear nerve

channel between the middle ear and the nasopharynx

flap of the ear; the protruding part of the external ear

waxy substance secreted by the external ear; also called earwax

snail-shaped, spirally wound tube in the inner ear; contains hearing-sensitive receptor cells

fluid within the labyrinth of the inner ear

auditory tube

second ossicle (bone) of the middle ear; means anvil

maze-like series of canals of the inner ear; includes cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals

first ossicle of the middle ear; means hammer

sensitive auditory receptor area found in the cochlea of the inner ear

small bone of the ear; includes malleus, incus, and stapes

membrane between the middle ear and the inner ear

fluid contained in the labyrinth of the inner ear

auricle; flap of the ear

passages in the inner ear associated with maintaining equilibrium

third ossicle of the middle ear; means stirrup

membrane between the outer and the middle ear; also called the eardrum

central cavity of the labyrinth, connecting the semicircular canals and the cochlea; contains two structures (saccule and utricle) that help maintain equilibrium

acous/o

audi/o

audit/o

aur/o, auricul/o

cochle/o

mastoid/o

myring/o

ossicul/o

ot/o

salping/o

staped/o

tympan/o

vestibul/o

-acusis or -cusis

-meter

-otia

benign tumor arising from the acoustic vestibulocochlear nerve in the brain

collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the middle ear

loss of the ability to hear

disorder of the labyrinth of the inner ear; elevated endolymph pressure within the cochlea (cochlear hydrops) and semicicular canals (vestibular hydrops)

inflammation of the middle ear

hardening of the bony tissue of the middle ear

sensation of noises (ringing, buzzing, whistling, booming) in the ears

sensation of irregular or whirling motion either of oneself or of external objects

testing the sense of hearing

surgical insertion of a device that allows sensorineural hearing-impaired persons to understand speech

measurement of the temperature of the tympanic membrane by detection of infrared radiation from the eardrum

visual examination of the ear canal with an otoscope

test of ear conduction using a vibration source (tuning fork)