-
personality
the characteristic thoughts, emotional responses, and behaviors that are relatively stable in an individual over time and across circumstances
-
personality trait
a characteristic; a dispositional tendency to act in a certain way over time and across circumstances
-
psychodynamic theory
Freudian theory that unconscious forces, such as wishes and motives, influence behavior
-
psychosexual stage
according to Freud, the developmental stages that correspond to the pursuit of satisfaction of libidinal urges
-
id
psychodynamic theory; the component of personality that is completely submerged in the unconscious and operates according ot the pleasure principle
-
superego
in psychodynamic theory; the internalization of societal and parental standards of conduct
-
ego
psychodynamic theory; the component of personality that tries to satisfy the wishes of the id while being responsive to the dictates of the superego
-
defense mechanisms
unconscious mental strategies the mind uses to protect itself from conflict and distress
-
humanistic approaches
approaches to studying personality that emphasize personal experience and belief systems; they propose that people seek perosnal growth to fulfill their human potential
-
personality types
discrete categories based on global personality characteristics
-
trait approach
an approach to studying personality that focuses on the extent to which individuals differ in personality dispositions
-
CAPS model
Mischel and Shoda believed personality traits alone could not predict behavior
-
idiographic approaches
person-centered approaches to studying personality that focus on individual lives and how various characteristics are integrated into unique persons
-
nomothetic approaches
approaches to studying personality that focus on how people vary across common traits
-
projective measures
personality tests that examine unconscious processes by having people interpret ambiguous stimuli
-
objective measures
relatively direct assessments of personality, usually based on information gathered through self-report questionaires or observer ratings
-
situationism
the theory that behavior is determined more by situations than by personality traits
-
interactionists
theorists who believe that behavior is determined jointly by underlying dispositions and situations
-
temperments
biologically based tendencies to feel or act in certain ways
-
behavioral approach system (BAS)
the brain system involved in the pursuit of incentives or rewards
-
behavioral inhibition system (BIS)
the brain system that is sensitive to punishment and therefore inhibits behavior that might lead to danger or pain
-
sociometer
an internal monitor of social acceptance or rejection
-
self-serving bias
the tendency for people to take personal credit for success but BLAME failure on external factors
|
|