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normal pulse rates
Normal Pulse Rates for Various Age Groups
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blood pressure classifications
- Pre-hypertension
- Between 120-139 systolic and/or 80-89 diastolic
- Hypertension
- Anything over 140 systolic and/or 90 diastolic
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What 3 things to note for respirations
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Syncope, hyperventilation, seizures, asthma attacks, and angina are some of the more common emergencies and they share one common thread
stress and anxiety
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signs and symptoms of airway obstruction or athsma
- Sensation of obstruction,
- stridor,
- coughing,
- dyspnea,
- cyanosis
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mixture of emphasema and bronchitis
copd
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signs and symptoms of cardiac arrest
- Unresponsiveness,
- apnea,
- pulselessness
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signs and symptoms of cerebrovascular accidents
- Altered level of consciousness,
- confusion
- Aphasia
- Unilateral muscle weakness or paralysis
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treatment for cerebrovascular accidents
- Maintain airway
- Keep patient supine, turned on side to prevent aspiration
- Suction as necessary
- Monitor vital signs
- Calm and reassure patient
- Call 911
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signs and symptoms of angina pectoralis
- Central, substernal chest discomfort
- May radiate into shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or epigastric region
- Dull, heavy, pressure sensation of short duration (< 5 min)
- Prompt relief with rest and/or nitroglycerin
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treatments of angina
- Keep patient in comfortable position
- Administer oxygen
- Administer nitroglycerin 0.4 mg SL every five minutes
- Monitor vital signs
- Call 911 if pain not relieved in five minutes
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signs and symptoms of acute myocardial infarction
- Central, substernal chest discomfort
- May radiate into shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or epigastric region
- Dull, heavy, pressure sensation
- Dyspnea, syncope, diaphoresis, sudden death
- Pain not relieved by nitroglycerine or rest; long duration (hours)
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treatment of acute myocardial infarction
- Keep patient in comfortable position
- Administer oxygen
- Administer nitroglycerin 0.4 mg SL every five minutes
- Calm and reassure patient
- Monitor vital signs
- Call 911 if pain not relieved in five minutes
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pulmonary edema, orthopnea, cough, wheezing, rales, chest pain
LVF
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distended neck veins, ascites, hepatomegaly, pretibial pitting edema
RVF
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Place patient in comfortable position, usually sitting upright
- Administer oxygen
- Administer nitroglycerin 0.4 mg SL every five minutes
- Monitor vital signs
- Call 911
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Treatment of RVF
call a physician
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Headache, confusion, restlessness, bizarre behavior
Seizures, unconsciousness
Tachycardia, pale, cool, clammy skin
hypoglycimia
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treatment for hypoglycimia
- Maintain airway
- Keep patient supine, turned on side to prevent aspiration
- Administer glucose in dependent cheek or beneath tongue
- Monitor vital signs
- Call 911
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Hyperventilation (Kussmaul respirations)
Acetone odor on breath
Warm, red, dry skin
Unconsciousness (late finding
diabetic ketoacidosis
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treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis
- Maintain airway
- Keep patient supine; turn on side to prevent aspiration
- Monitor vital signs
- Call 911
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treatment of allergic reactions
- Keep patient in comfortable position, usually upright
- Maintain airway
- Administer oxygen
- Monitor vital signs
- Administer epinephrine 1:1000 0.3-0.5 mg SQ for all reactions
- Administer Benadryl® 50 mg deep IM for skin reaction or Benadryl® 50 mg PO
- Call 911 for severe reaction
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Ringing or buzzing in ears
Restlessness, agitation, confusion
Blurred vision
Muscle fasciculations, tremors, seizures
Hypotension, bradycardia
Respiratory or cardiac arrest
OD of lidocane
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Treatment of lidocane OD
- Maintain airway
- Administer oxygen
- Monitor vital signs
- Call 911
- Treat problems as under other sections
Figure 22.
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Air hunger, apprehension
Rapid respiratory rate (may be subtle)
Circumoral, hand, and foot numbness or tingling
Carpopedal spasm
Syncope
hyperventilation
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Treatment of hyperventilation
- Make patient aware of how fast they’re breathing
- Coach the patient to take slower breaths
- Calm and reassure the patient
- Use partial rebreathing mask at low O2 flow rate (2-3 L/m)
- Use paper bag cautiously for rebreathing
- Call 911 if attack cannot be broken
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