AP Lang Terms and Tone Words

primary meaning of a word

emotional association of a word (positive/nagative)

• direct/ indirect reference
• *Bible, Shakespeare, Myth*

feeling reader gets/ author controls the emotions

statement

gives advice or instruction

question

express strong feeling

does not end with completion of main clause; continues with first subordinate clause

produces an effect of suspence; independent clause is at the end

contrasting relationship between two clauses in a sentence, usually containing "but" or "however"

repeated similar sentence structure for rhetorical effect

being repetitive with words in a sentence for effect so the audience remembers

a story of account of events

provide evidence to convince reader of opinion

inform, explain, describe, or define subject

sensory language; figurative language

time, place, mood

description of character- thoughts, actions, dialogue, and reactions

perspective in which a story is told

knowing the thoughts

knowing the actions

knowing the characters thoughts; not in proper syntax

unbiased POV

biased POV

comparison using "like" or "as"

comparison of two unlike things

seemingly contradictory statement that could still be true

rhetorical figure in which contradictory terms are combined

human characteristics to an inanimate object

to represent in less than truthful proportions

direct address an absent person or abstract object

intentional exaggeration

figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent a whole thing

figure of speech in which one word is substituted for another closely related word

parallel structure that juxtaposes contradictory ideas

what is said is opposite of what is meant

outcome that turns out to be very different from what was expected

audience knows something the characters don't

play on words

literary work in which human vice/folly is attacked through irony

sharply ironic taunt

noun that a pronouns refers back to

short account of a funny or humorous incident

statement in the form of a question that doesn't mean for an answer in order to create effect

concise statement expressing the general truth in a clever way

noun or prepositional phrase is moved from post-verbal position to one before main verb

• repetition of words in successive clauses in reverse grammatical order
• same words, different order

deliberate repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses

• the verb changes meaning based on direct object
• he lost his coat and his temper

intent to teach

hesitant, lacking self-confidence

opinionated, forceful and arrogant

unrestrained or excessive in emotion

expressing sorrow

disrespectful

arrogant, condescending

discontent and angry with something unjust

without distinctive, interesting, or stimulating qualities

• inappropriately curious
• eager for knowledge