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What is another word for the chemical breakdown of food?
Enzyme
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What is the enzyme that breaks down food in the mouth?
Salivary Amylase
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What mechanically breaksdown food in the mouth?
Your teeth
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How old are you when you get your first tooth?
4 to 6 months
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How old are you when you get your first set of teeth?
2 years old
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How many teeth are your first set of teeth?
20 - 10 on bottom, 10 on top - deciduous teeth, Baby's, milk, primary teeth.
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How old are you when you get your first loose tooth?
5 years old
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How many teeth do you end up with as an adult?
32 - 16 on bottom, 16 on top.
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What is the bulk of the tooth made of, that is a bone like material?
Dentin
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What is the average amount of calcium needed to keep your dentin production up?
10mg per deciliter of blood
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What is the outer-coating of the tooth below the gum line?
Cementum
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What is the outer-coating of the tooth above the gum line?
Enamel
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Drinking 8 ounces of drinking water is enough of what to keep up your enamel?
Flouride
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What is the hollow space inside your tooth that have blood vessels and nerves?
Pulp cavitity
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What is another name for your gums?
gingiva
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Gingivitis is known as what?
Inflammation of the gums
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What is another name for cavities?
Dental caries
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What is the bacteria that causes cavities?
Streptococcus mutans
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What are some of the causes of cavities (6)?
- lack of proper brushing
- lack of proper flossing
- lack of going to the dentist
- tartar build up
- Build up of plaque
- genetics
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How can you prevent/treat cavities?
- Brush more often
- Floss more often
- Go to dentist 2 times per year
- Reduce tartar
- Reduce plaque
- Reduce carbohydrates
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What is the virus that causes the mumps?
Epidemic parotidis
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How many salivary glands do you have?
5
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What are the largest of your salivary glands called and where are they located?
Parotids, in the jaw bone
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That is the name of vaccine that prevents the mumps?
MMR - Measles, Mumps and Rubella
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Inflammation of the testicles is known as what?
orchitis
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Inflammation of the ovaries is known as what?
oophoritis
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The throat begins at what part in the back of the mouth?
uvula
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The throat also known as what?
Pharynx
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What is an involuntary, smooth muscle averging 9 inches in length?
Esophagus
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True or False: Your tonsils or Adenoids can grow back if some of the tissue is left after surgery.
True
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At the end of the esophagus, opening the stomach what is the name of the value?
Cadiac Sphinter valve
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At the closing of the stomach, opening the small intestine what is the name of the valve?
Pyloric Sphinter valve
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What gives your stomach more surface area?
Rugae
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Narrowing of the pyloric sphinter Valve is know as what?
pyloric stenosis
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What is the average PH of Hcl inside the stomach?
0.9
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What is the amount of time for food to go from mouth to anus?
24 hours
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What is the average amount of time for the stomach to empty?
4 hours
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What is the name of the enzyme that is secreted by the stomach?
pepsin
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What does pepsin digest?
Protein
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Name 3 funtions of Hcl
- Activates pepsin
- inactivates salivary amylase
- breaks down foreign debris
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What is the function of the small intestine?
to absorb nutrients
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How long is the small intestine?
15 to 20 feet
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What is the first section of the small intestine called?
Duodenum
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How long is the duodenum and what shape does it form?
10 to 12 inches, a c shape
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This organ is a reservoir for bile and secretes it thru the cystic duct.
Gallbladder
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This organ secretes bile thru the hepatic duct.
Liver
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This organ is a 2 fold organ, secreting enzymes and hormones.
Pancreas
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As an Exocrine organ the pancreas secretes 3 enzymes what are they?
lipase, amylase, trypsin
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As an Endocrine organ the pancreas secretes 2 hormones what are they?
- glocogon, produced by the alpha cells of the islands of langherhans
- insulin, produced by the beta cells of the islands of langherhans
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What is the name of the 2nd portion of the small intestine?
jejunum - has the most villi
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What is the 3rd section of the small intestine?
ileum
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Name the valve between the small intestine and the colon.
Ilio-cecal sphinter valve
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This organ is located between the small intestine and the colon, can be removed with surgery and you don't need it to live.
Appendix
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What is the function and average length of the large intestine?
Absorption of water, elemenation and storage of feces. avg 5ft in length.
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Starting on the right side of your body, with the first portion of the large intestine, name the 5 different parts.
- 1. ascending
- 2. transverse
- 3. descending
- 4. sidmoid
- 5. rectum
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Name some of the causes of constipation
- reduced perstalsis in colon
- dehydration
- genetics
- toxins
- stress
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Name some of the causes of diarrhea
- increased perstalsis in the colon
- stress
- allergies
- antibiotics
- genetics
- toxins
- too much liquids
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