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______________ as a naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals and organic matter.
Rock
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The continual process by which new rock forms from old rock material is called the ___________rock cycle.
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The process in which water, wind, ice, and heat break down rock is called ___________.
weathering
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Weathering is important because it breaks down rock into fragments. These rock and mineral fragments are called____________.
sediments
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The process by which sediment is removed from its source is called ______________.
erosion
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The process in which sediment moved by erosion is dropped and comes to rest is called __________.
deposition
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Sediment may be pressed and cemented together by minerals dissolved in water to form _________rock.
sedimentary
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If the temperature and pressure are high enough at the bottom of the sediment, the rock can change into __________________ rock.
metamorphic
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____________ is movement within the Earth that causes rocks inside the Earth to be moved to the Earth’s surface.
Uplift
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scientists divide all rock into three main classes based on how the rock formed: _______________, _______________, and ___________________.
igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
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The minerals a rock contains determine the ______________ of that rock.
composition
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The size, shape, and positions of the grains that make up a rock determine a rock’s ___________ .
texture
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light-colored rocks are rich in elements such as aluminum, potassium, silicon, and sodium. These rocks are called ______________ rocks.
felsic
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The dark-colored rocks, called __________ rocks, are rich in calcium, iron, and magnesium, and poor in silicon.
mafic
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The amount of time it takes for magma or lava to cool determines the ____________ of igneous rock.
texture
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When magma intrudes, or pushes, into surrounding rock below the Earth’s surface and cools, the rock that forms is called _________ igneous rock.
intrusive
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__________ are large, irregular-shaped intrusive bodies.
Plutons
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The largest of all igneous intrusions are _____________.
batholiths
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Igneous rock that forms from magma that erupts, or extrudes, onto the Earth’s surface is called ___________ igneous rock.
extrusive
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The most noticeable feature of sedimentary rock is its layers, or _________.
strata
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______________ sedimentary rock forms when rock or mineral fragments, called clasts, are cemented together.
Clastic
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sedimentary rock forms when minerals crystallize out of a solution, such as sea water, to become rock.
Chemical
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___________ sedimentary rock forms from the remains of once-living plants and animals.
Organic
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________________ is the process in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers.
Stratification
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_________________ rocks are rocks in which the structure, texture, or composition of the rock have changed.
Metamorphic
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When pressure builds up in rock that is buried deep below other rock formations or when large pieces of the Earth’s crust collide with each other, ___________ _____________ occurs.
regional metamorphism
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Some metamorphic minerals form only at certain temperatures and pressures. These minerals, known as __________ minerals, are used to estimate the temperature, depth, and pressure at which a rock undergoes metamorphism.
index
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The texture of metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are arranged in planes or bands is called _______________ .
foliated
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The texture of metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are not arranged in planes or bands is called _______________ .
nonfoliated
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_______________ is a change in the shape of a rock caused by a force placed on it.
Deformation
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layers of sedimentary rock is called _______.
strata
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_____________________ is made of fragments of rocks cemented together by a mineral such ad calcite or quartz.
clasic sedimentary rock
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________ forms from solutions os dissolved mineral and water.
chemical sedimentary rock
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_________ is made up of the skeletons or shells of sea animals.
organic sedimentary rock
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__________ is the process in which sedimentary are arranged in layers
stratification
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_______ is when magma moves through the crust, the magma heats the surrounding rock and changes it.
contact metamorphism
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___________ occurs when pressure builds up in a rock that is buried deep below other rock formations, or when large peices of earths crust collide with each other.
regional metamorphism
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A ____________ is where the mineral grains are arranged in planes or band.
foliated metamorpic rock
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A ________________ is where the mineral grains are not arranged in planes or band.
nonfolliated metamorphic rock
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__________ is a change is the shape of a rock caused by a force placed on it
deformation
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