CH13 - CNET Key Terms

Communication in which data travels in the download direction at a speed different from the speed of the upload direction.

A digital telecommunications technology that uses different speeds for downloading and uploading data.

A communication method that sends data in a stream with start and stop bits that indicate where data begins and ends.

An ISDN version that provides two 64 Kbps B-channels. Generally used for remote connections.

A measurement of modem speed that describes the number of state transitions occurring per second on an analog phone line.

One of the primary synchronous communication protocols.

Networking devices that work at the Data Link layer of the OSI model. They filter traffic according to a packet’s hardware destination address.

A reference table created by a bridge to track hardware addresses and to track on which network segment each address is located.

An ISDN variation that supports much higher data rates than standard ISDN and works with other technologies, such as ATM, SONET, and frame relay.

A phenomenon that occurs when a network device malfunctions and floods the network with broadcast packets.

A device that links a computer or network to a DDS communications link.

A guaranteed minimum transmission rate offered by the service provider.

The equipment at the customer site that’s usually the responsibility of the customer.

The fastest switching method, in which the switch reads only enough of the incoming frame to determine where to forward the frame.

The device that sends data to (and receives data from) the local loop, usually a CSU/DSU or modem.

The device that passes data from the customer LAN to the DCE, usually a router.

The point at which the CPE ends and the provider’s equipment responsibility begins.

The Windows program (beginning with Windows 95) that allows connectivity to servers running RAS or RRAS.

A type of point-to-point synchronous communication link offering 2.4, 4.8, 9.6, or 56 Kbps transmission rates.

A hardware device used to transmit digital signals across an ISDN link.

One method of determining the best route available for a packet. Distance-vector protocols count the number of routers (hops) between the source and destination. The best path has the least number of hops.

The process by which routers dynamically learn from each other the available paths.

One or more of the 24 channels (but not all) of a T1 connection.

A switching method in which the switch reads in enough of the frame to guarantee that the frame is not less than the minimum frame size allowed for the network type.

A frame error that occurs because the frame is less than the allowable minimum size for the network type. A ____ __________ usually occurs because of a collision or a device malfunction.

A point-to-point permanent virtual circuit (PVC) technology that offers WAN communications over a fast, reliable, digital packet-switching network

A networking device that translates information between protocols or between completely different networks, such as from TCP/IP to SNA.

One of the primary synchronous communication protocols.

A packet traveling through a router on its way to the destination network.

A WAN technology that offers increments of 64 Kbps connections, most often used by SOHO (small office/home office) users.

The connection between a WAN’s demarcation point and the central office (CO). See also local loop.

A feature that sustains a consistent transmission rate, improves overall quality, and reduces interference noise levels.

A method used by routers to determine a packet’s best path. In addition to the number of routers involved, routers using link-state algorithms take network traffic and link speed into account to determine the best path.

The connection between a WAN’s demarcation point and the central office (CO). See also last mile.

A value that describes the distance to the destination network.

A device computers use to convert digital signals to analog signals for transmission over telephone lines. The receiving computer then converts the analog signals to digital signals.

A technology that enables several communication streams to travel simultaneously over the same cable segment

A device that supports X.25 communications for low-speed, character-based terminals.

Pathways between two communication points that are established as permanent logical connections; therefore, the pathway exists even when it’s not in use.

Also known as PSTN, the normal telephone communications system. See also public switched telephone network (PTSN).

A remote access protocol that supports many protocols, including IP, NetBEUI, and IPX.

An ISDN version that provides 23 64-Kbps B-channels.

Signal delay created when a number of repeaters connect in a line. To prevent this, many network architectures limit the number of repeaters on a network.

WAN services, usually provided by private companies, for the purpose of enabling WAN technologies, such as X.25.

Another term for the public telephone system.

A technique for digitizing analog signals. PCM introduces less noise into the signal than traditional modulation/demodulation techniques, thus boosting the total number of bits per second.

Networking devices that operate at the Network layer of the OSI model. A router connects networks with different physical media and translates between different network architectures, such as token ring and Ethernet.

A reference table that includes network information and the next router in line for a particular path.

The dial-up protocol originally used to connect PCs directly to the Internet.

A type of bridge used in IBM token ring networks that learns its bridging information from information in the frame’s structure.

A type of routing in which the router is configured manually with all possible routes.

A switching method in which the switch reads the entire frame to check for errors before forwarding the frame.

Digital point-to-point leased communication links offered by local and long-distance telcos. Lease terms are based on per-minute use charges, not on 24-hour, seven-day dedicated circuits.

A communication circuit that’s established when needed and then terminated when the transmission is completed.

A digital telecommunications technology that uses equivalent speeds for downloading and uploading data.

A communication method in which computers rely on exact timing and sync bits to maintain data synchronization.

One of the primary synchronous communication protocols.

A DDS technology that uses two two-wire pairs to transmit full-duplex data signals at a maximum rate of 1.544 Mbps.

A communication line that has 28 T1s or 672 channels and supports a data rate of 44.736 Mbps.

A type of bridge that can translate between network architectures.

Generally used in Ethernet networks, these bridges build their bridging tables automatically as they receive packets.

A logical sequence of connections with bandwidth allocated for a specific transmission pathway.

A feature of switches that allows network administrators to group users and resources logically, regardless of their physical location.

The ITU standards that specify how data communication takes place over the telephone network.

A WAN protocol that defines how devices communicate over an internetwork. X.25 networks are SVC networks, meaning they create the best available pathway for transmission at the time of transmission.