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most recent common ancestor of all land plants
charophytes
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strucutural integrity of plant spores
sporopollenin
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plant tissue lacks phragmoplasts
tissues performing nuclear division without intervening cytokinesis
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common to both charophytes and land plants except
lignin
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does not porvide evidence between charophytes and plantae
alternation of generations
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best subject for essay
glycolate oxidase
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organisms should feature mitosis similar to that of land plants
charophytes
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definitly identifies the organism as a land plant
embryos
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correct interpretation of observations is
plants evolved alternation of generations independlty of green algae
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observed in an unidentified green organism, makes it unlikely to be a charophyte
apical meristem
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charophytes during initial developemnt should not expect to observe
specialized placental transfer cells surrounding the zygote
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taxon equivalent to embryophytes
plantae
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protection from predators
secondary compounds
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protection from desiccation
cuticle
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transport of water, minerals, and nutrients
tracheids and phloem
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not a challenge for survival of first land plants
predation
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internal parts of the pollen grains of seed producing plants are similar to
fern gametophyte bearing only antheridia
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most important to making typical seed more resistant to adverse conditions
integument
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pollen grains to both stains, and rinses away excess stain, what should occur?
pollen grains will have red interiors and blue exteriors
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gymnosperms differ from both extinct and extant ferms bc they
have pollen
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arrange following from earliest to most recent in plant traits originated
3, 1, 2
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seed plants: which part of pollen grain has function most like seed coat?
sporopollenin
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pine trees disperse
windblown seeds
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wind pollination is most likely found in seeds that grow
in dense, single species stands
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pine life cycle
female gametophytes use mitosis to produce eggs
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which statement is true of pine life cycle
conifer pollen grains contain male gametopphytes
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correct sequnce in gymnosperm megasporangium
4, 2, 3, 1
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arrangement
4 black dots on top
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growth of plants
indeterminate
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arise from lateral meristem activity
secondary xylem
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lose its protoplast in which section of root
zone of maturation
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taproot system, several growth rings, layer of bark around outside
woody eudicot
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driving force that pushes root tip through soil
elongation of cells behind root apical meristem
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shoot elongation in growing bud is due to
cell elongation in each internode`
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axillary buds
develop from meristematic cells left by apical meristem
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gas exchange, necessary for photosynthesis, can occur most easily in which leaf tissue
spongy mesophyll
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correct sequence from growing tips of root upward
1, 5, 3, 2, 4
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incorrectly paired with structure and function
pericycle-waterproofing ring of cells surrounding central stele in root
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illustrates idea that fate of a cell is a direct result of its position
a, b, and c
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root tissues give rise to lateral roots
pericycle
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plant that is at least 3 years old is
4 only
-
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earliest physical evidence of site of newly forming leaf primordium would be
pre-prophase bands parallel to surface of meristem in subsurface cells of shoot
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pores on leaf surface function in gas exchange
stomata
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true about growth in plants
some lack secondary growth
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not matched with function
companion cell-formation of secondary xylem and phloem
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plant derives some benefit from water loss in form of
a b and c
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what kind of day results in fastest delivery of water and minerals to leaves of a tree
warm humid
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guard cell around epidermal cell in plant is deficient in potassium ions
leaf temp would decrease
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opening of stomata is thought to involve
increase in osmotic concentration of guard cells
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reduce transpiration but allows normal growth of plant
increasing level of carbon dioxide around plant
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guard cells are only cells in epidermis that contain chloroplasts and can undergo photosynthesis. important bc
atp is required to power proton pumps in guard cell mem
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doesn't reduce water loss in plant
transpiration
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why CAM plants are not tall
they would be unable to move water and minerals to the top of plant
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least likely to look for plants that evlolved structures with adv in dry, hot conditions
plants that do not produce abscisic acid and have short thick taproot
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driviing force for movement of materials in phloem
difference in osmotic water potential between source and sink
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not normal function as a sink
shoot tip
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sugar movement in phloem
movement can occur both upward and downward
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phloem transports >>> from the >>>> source to the >>> sink
sugars; leaf; apical meristem
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mass flow f materials in phloem
2,4,3,1,5
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water flows into source end of sieve bc
sucrose has been actively transported into sieve tube, hypertonic
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false about transport of nutrients in phloem
companion cells control the rate and direction of movement of phloem sap
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