MedTermsW8

releases substances (hormones) into bloodstream

releases substances to outside of body or into intestines (digestive enzymes)

• "control center" for pituitary gland
• produces releasing factors which stimulate the pituitary to produce hormones
• influences endocrine organs

• growth hormone (GH)
• adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
• thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
• follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
• luteinizing hormone (LH)
• prolactin

• antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
• oxytocin

• decreased production of thyroid hormone
• swelling of face, weight gain, slow metabolism

• too much thyroid hormone
• eyes bulge = exophthalmus
• anxiety, weight loss, arrhythmias, tachycardia, rapid metabolism

• target organs: bone, cartilage, liver, muscle
• functions: stimulates growth and increases use of fats for energy

• a growth hormone disorder
• hyposecretion in children

• a growth hormone disorder
• hypersecretion in children
• usually caused by pituitary tumor

• enlargement of extremities
• a growth hormone disorder
• hypersecretion in adults
• usually caused by pituitary tumor

• elongated mandible
• found in gigantism and acromegaly

• target organ: adrenal cortex
• function: stimulates cortisol (stress hormone) secretion

• an adrenocorticotropic hormone disorder
• hypersecretion of cortisol
• weight gain, hair loss, slow healing, moon face, buffalo hump

• vasopressin
• target organ: kidneys
• functions: increases water re-absorption in nephrons

• an antidiuretic hormone disorder
• hyposecretion
• excess urine production, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances

• calcitonin
• thyroxine
• triiodothryonine
• parathyroid hormone
• glucocorticoids
• mineralcorticoids
• epinephrine and norepinephrine
• glucagon
• insulin
• estrogen and testosterone
• melatonin

• a pancreatic hormone
• increases blood glucose by stimulating breakdown of glycogen

hyposecretion of glucagon yielding low blood sugar

• a pancreatic hormone
• decreases blood glucose by stimulating cells to take up glucose from blood

• caused by hyposecretion of insulin from the pancreas
• usually autoimmune process where body attacks the insulin-producing cells
• causes hyperglycemia

• high blood glucose
• caused by DM type I and II

• caused by cells not responding to insulin
• caused by poor food choices and genetics
• plenty of insulin is produced, but cells don't act as they should
• causes hyperglycemia

polydipsia: excessive thirst (due to water loss in urine)

polyuria: excessive urination (due to excess water in urine)

polyphagia: excessive eating (due to inability to utilize glucose)

• brain
• spinal cord

• cranial nerves
• spinal nerves

the largest part of the human brain

pertaining to the brain and spinal cord

the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

inflammation of the meminges

impulse carrying cells that relay information in our bodies

doctor that specializes in diseases of the nervous system

damage to or disease of a nerve

liquid that brain and spinal cord is contained in

pain in posterior thigh due to compression or irritation in the sciatic nerve (runs from low back down the back of the legs)

• bones (206)
• joints
• cartilage (protect bone surface)
• ligaments (connect bone to bone)

• framework for muscle/organ attachment
• aid in support of body weight and movement
• hematopoiesis (formation of blood cells)
• mineral storage (calcium)
• protection of vital organs

bread down bone (parathyroid hormone)

build bone (calcitonin)

• epiphysis (ends)
• diaphysis (middle)
• epiphyseal plate (growth plate)
• red bone marrow (blood forming)
• yellow bone marrow (fat storage)

attach muscles to bone

• striated muscle
• voluntary

• unstriated muscle
• involuntary

heart muscle

bone

• softening of the bone
• rickets
• caused by not enough vitamin D

muscle

• muscle pain
• myalgia
• fibromyalgia

cartilage

inflammation of rib cartilage

joint

inflammation of a joint

vertebra

inflammation of vertebra causing fusion

vertebra

bone marrow or spinal cord

a cancer of certain white blood cells

• most common
• older aged individuals
• previous injury to joint

• autoimmune
• cartilage is attacked

uric acid deposition

• decrease in density of bones
• common after menopause in females

using and arthroscope to take a look inside and repair a joint

surgical repair (usually replacement) of a joint