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protists
eukaryotes that are NOT plants, animals, or fungi
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primary endosymbiosis
- the step that gave rise to the photosynthetic eukaryotes
- trace ancestry back to engulfment of one cyanobacteria by a larger eukaryotic cell
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secondary endosymbiosis
photosynthetic euglenids derived their chloroplasts from this
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tertiary endosymbiosis
occurred when dinoflagellate lost its chloroplast and took up haptophyte
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pseudopods
- amoeba form these
- used for movement
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cantractile vacuoles
controls the amount of water in the organism
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digestive vacuoles
these engulf food by endocytosis
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phytoplankton
the photosynthetic membrane of the plankton
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conjugation
- sexual behavior
- two paramecia line up against eachother and fuse
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alternation of generations
- a life cycle found in many protists
- diploid organisms give rise to haploid organisms which then forms a diploid...and repeats
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heteromorphic
the two alteration of generations differ morphologically
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isomorphic
alternation of generations do NOT differ morphologically
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sporophyte
multicellular, photosynthetic protists (spore plant)
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gametophyte
multicellular diploid and haploid generations (gemete plant)
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sporocyte
- a specialized cell of a diploid sporophyte
- divides to produce 4 haploid spores
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isogamous
having gametes of identical appearance
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anisogamous
having female gametes that are larger that the male gametes
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haplontic
a life cycle in which multicellular haploid individuals produce gametes which form a zygote
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diplontic
life cycle in which meiosis produces the sporocytes which produce haploid gametes
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chromalveolates
a group of photosynthetic organisms that in clude haptocytes, alveolates, and straminophiles
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haptophytes
unicellular organisms with flagella
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alveolate
synamorphy that has alveoli
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dinoflagellates
photosynthetic producers of most oragnic matter in the oceans
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ampicomplexans
- parasitic
- made of a mass of organelles that help invade host tissues
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ciliates
have numerous hairlike cilia
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stramenopiles
possesses rows of tubular hairs on the longer of the 2 flagella
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diatoms
- unicellular
- make carbohydrates and oils
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Brown algae
- have brown pigments
- multicellular
- either filaments or leaf like growths
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oomycetes
- mold
- filamentatious and stationary
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coenocytes
having many nuclei in a single plasma membrane
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saprobic
feeding on dead organic matter
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plantae
- mostly photosynthetic species
- consists of many clades
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glaucophytes
unicellular organisms that live in freshwater
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red algae
- have red pigments
- can change color with light conditions
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chlorophytes
a clade of green algae
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charophytes (charales)
included in green algal clade (with land plants)
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diplomonads and parabasalids
- unicellular
- no mitochondria
- parasitic
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loboseans and heteroloboseans
belongs to unikonts and excavates groups
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euglenids
- have flagella
- protiens control cell shape
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kenetoplastids
- unicellular parasites
- 2 flagella
- 1 mitochondrian
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rhizaria
- unicellular
- auquatic eukaryotes
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cercozoans
a diverse group
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foraminiferans
- secrete shells for protection
- have long psuedopods
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radiolarians
this stiff psuedopods renforced by microtubules
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