Chapter 26 Bio Lecture

formed by many microbial communities

prokaryotes in the form/shape of a chain

• a polymer of amino sugars
• produces a meshlike structure around the cell

a test that separates most types of bacteria into two distinct groups (gram-pos and gram-neg)

retain violet stain out of gram-negative cells

• gram negative cells can pick up the couterstain
• appears pink/red

• slender filaments that extend from a cell
• made of flagellin
• helps with movement

a density sensing technique

a process that allows bacteria to emit light

oxygen-sensitive organisms

prokaryotes taht can shift the matabolism between anaerobic and aerobic modes

• cannnot conduct cellular respiration
• no damaged by oxygen when it is present

prokaryotes unable to survive without oxygen

perform photosythesis

use light energy but get carbon atoms from other organisms

obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic substances

obtain both enerygy and carbon atoms from organic compound(s)

bacteria that release nitrogen as nitrogen gas

oxidize amonia to nitrate

convert atmospheric nitrogen gas into ammonia

transfers that move from one prokaryotic species to another

"heat-lovers"

• gram negative bacteria
• characterized by filaments

• smallest bacteria
• lives in parasites of cells

have relatively high ratio of G-C to A-T base pairs

has blue pigment

photosythetic

resting stages that can survive in harsh environmental conditions

cells specialized for nitrogen fixation

have a lower ratio of G-C to A-T nucleotide base pairs

heat resistant resting structure

• includes low GC gram positive
• form boils and sores

lack cell walls

largest group of bacteria

live in salty environments

rules talking about different organisms causing specific diseases

a pathogens ability to multiply in a host's body

a pathogenics ability to produce toxins

released when gram-negative bacteria grow or lyse

soluble proteins released by living, multiplying bacteria