Religion ch 4

divided Charlemagne's holdings among his grandsons

Economic, military, and political system that functioned during the Medieval period

One who receives land in exchange for a promise of allegiance and military service

A grant of land in the feudal system

A who grants land to another in exchange for a pledge of loyalty

The practice of kings and other high ranking nobles appointing men to church offices

The buying and selling of church offices

showing improper favortism to one's relatives

Monastery that sparked a major reform of the church because it was free from lay interference

that eventually settlet into the territory that is now hungary

Established by Pope Nicholas II and givern the power to elect the pope

Declaration that a person has cut himself off from communion with the Church by his actions

In this Pope gregory VII claimed absolute temporal and spiritual authority

He served as Pope three times in his life, having been forcibly deposed twice and then abdicating

Considered the worst pope in history

Holy Roman Emperor who deposed John XII and then exercised control over the papacy

Also called "HIddlebrand," he excommunicated a Holy Roman Emperor over the question of lay investiture

Holy Roman Emperor who was forced to beg for forgiveness after being excommunicated by the Pope

Compromise that solved the lay investiture controversy

Also calles "Vikings" there raids destroyed many monasteries and convents in Europe

Breathtakingly stupid action-Crusade

Literally "marked with a cross"

english king who lead the Third Crusade

Cardinal sent to deal with the Patriarch of Constantinople. His actions contributed to the Great Schism

His Closing of latin Churches in Constantinople led to the crisis that resulted in the Great Schism

Appointed Patriarch of Constantinople, replacing Ignatius, this action led to a Schism

Cistercian monk who helped promote the devotion to the Virgin Mary

Viewed as the most powerful pope of the Middle Ages

Made alliance with the Lombard Leauge to defeat Frederick Barbarosa

Called for the first crusade

Proposed by St. Augustine, St. Ambrose, and St. Thomas Aquinas which set criteria that had to be met for a war to be moral

Limited the number of days when it was lawful to fight wars

Condemned the killing of non-comatants

Time of Purification before one could enter heaven

Reduction of time in Purgatory

"And the Son" this was inserted into the Nicene Creed

Image breaker

Explains that the bread and wine of the Mass are transformed into the Body and Blood of Christ

Heretical group that viewed the material world as evil

Muslim group that prohibited pilgrims from going to Jerusalem

What are some differences between the Eastern and Western Church that contributed to the Eastern Schism in 1054