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What does it mean if a hormone is "bound" when it is released in the body?
The hormone is bound to a transporter that delivers it to its target organ.
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What is the advantage to bound hormones?
A bound hormone has long-term effects in the body. It stays active in the body for several weeks instead of several hours.
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Name 3 bound hormones?
- 1.) Thyroid hormones
- 2.) Adrenal hormones
- 3.) Sex hormones
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a.) Tropic hormones are produced in what gland in the body?
b.) What is it that they do?
- a.) Anterior pituitary gland.
- b.) They trigger the release of other hormones.
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Name 7 organs/tissues that tropic hormones effect.
- 1.) Adrenal gland
- 2.) Thyroid gland
- 3.) Liver
- 4.) Mammary glands
- 5.)Melanocytes
- 6 & 7.) Gonads (the testes and ovaries)
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Name the 2 hormones that are found in the posterier pituitary, and why are they considered unique?
- 1.) ADH & oxytocin
- 2.) They are unique because they are made in the hypothalamus
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What is the only Endocrine organ that is NOT directly controlled by the Hypothalamus, but IS controlled by the nervous system?
- The Adrenal gland
- More specifically the medulla of the adrenal gland that produces epinephrine and norepinephrine.
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Name the 2 hormones that have significant effects on fetus' and growing children, but NOT on adults?
Calcitonin & MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone)
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What hormone is release by the anterior pituitary at "1"?
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
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The Anterior pituitary has 2 part, i &ii. What are these 2 parts?
- "i" is the adrenal medulla
- "ii" is the adrenal cortex
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Name the 2 hormones that are made by part i (the adrenal medulla)?
epinephrine & norepinephrine
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Part ii of the Adrenal Gland is made up of 3 zones...name all 3 zones, location, and the major hormone it makes.
- Zona Glomerulosa : Outer layer: Aldosterone
- Zona Fasciculata: Middle layer: Glucocorticoids (like Cortisol)
- Zona Reticularis: Inner layer: Androgens
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What 4 hormones stimulate growth?
- 1.) GH (Growth Hormone)
- 2.) T3
- 3.) T4
- 4.) Calcitonin
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Of the 4 hormones that effect growth, which of them is the ONLY one that is important for proper growth if the skeleton, but NOT other tissues types.
Calcitonin
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A.) What is the calorigenic effect caused by Thyroid hormones?
B.) What is the side-effect of the calorigenic effect?
A.) Increased glucose metabolism... Meaning increased use of glucose to make energy(ATP).
B.) Increased metabolism raises body temperature slightly.
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A.) What is the "glucose-sparing effect" caused by cortisone?
B.) What hormones cause the glucose-sparing effect?
A.) Means glucose is saved and fat is used to make ATP.
B.) GH and Insulin-like Growth Factors
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What are the 4 parts to glucose-sparing effect?
- 1.) Decrease in glucose metabolism
- 2.) Increase in lipid metabolism
- 3.) Increase in glycogen formation(storage of glucose)
- 4.) Gluconeogenesis: Conversionof fats and amino acids into glucose
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What is the difference between glucose-sparing effect and the actions of Norepinephrine & Epinephrine?
Epi and NE increase glucose metabolism, while Glucose-sparing only increases lipid metabolism
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What hormone has iodine in them?
T3 & T4
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What hormone causes the release of insulin-like growth factors by the liver?
GH
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What hormone suppresses inflammation and other immune responses?
Glucocorticoids
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What hormone is involved in the sleep-wake cycle?
Melatonin
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What hormone raises blood calcium levels?
Parathroid Hormone (PTH)
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What hormone can cause Addison's & Cushing's diseases?
Glucocorticoids
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What hormone can cause cretinism?
T3 & T4
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What hormone cancause acromegaly?
GH
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What hormone can cause diabetes insipidus?
ADH
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What hormone accelerates energy production?
- T3& T4
- Epinephrine & NE
- Insulin
- Glucagon
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What hormone lowers blood calcuim levels
Calcitonin
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What hormone causes milk release from the mammary glands?
Oxytocin
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What hormone causes milk prduction in the mammary glands?
Prolactin
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What hormone stimulates labor contractions?
Oxytocin
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