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Personality
An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
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Grand Theories
- Generated by early theorists aimed at explaining human nature.
- Modern research focuses on specific components of personality such as traits, uniqueness, and concept of self.
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Psychoanalytic Perspective
- Comprehensive theory of human personality proposed by Sigmund Freud.
- Focus on unconcious, psychosexual stages, and defense mechanisms.
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The Unconscious Mind
A reservoir of unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories which needs to accessed in order to understand human behavior.
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Accessing the Unconscious
- Through free association, examination of slips of the tongue, and dream analysis
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Dreams
The royal road to the unconscious
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Manifest Content
The story of the dream, whatever you remember.
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Latent Content
What the dream meant, determined by psychoanalyst
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Personality Structure
Id, Ego, Superego
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Id
Pleasure principle (Babies)
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Ego
Reality principle: understanding that one does not always get what one wants
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Superego
Expects perfections; that we should never do anything other than ideal; results in feeling guilt, telling us that we are bad
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Oral Psychosexual Stage
- During breast feeding.
- Oral Fixations: someone who continues to require oral stimulation
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Anal Psychosexual Stage
- During potty training
- Anal Retentive: Excessive attention to detail; punished for accidents; enjoying the control
- Anal Expulsive: delights in the sensation of release; very messy, laid back, little attention to detail
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Phallic Psychosexual Stage
- Penis
- Oedipal Complex: males develop sexual feelings toward mother; seeing father as competition; Castration anxiety forms when son sees mother's lack of penis, identifying with father
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Latency Psychosexual Stage
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Genital Psychosexual Stage
- Puberty
- Center of sexual stimulation
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Personality Development
Series of psychosexual stages: Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital
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Ego Defense Mechanisms
Repression, Regression, Reaction Formation, Projection, Rationalization, Displacement, Sublimation
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Repression
Pushing out negative thoughts from consciousness
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Regression
Regressing to a former state when there was less anxiety
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Reaction Formation
I form an opinion to counteract something that reminds us of ourselves (if racist, acting in opposite way, anti-KKK)
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Projection
My uncomfortable thoughts project onto someone else (Instead of hating them, they hate me)
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Rationalization
Giving an explanation for uncomfortable feelings (like psych but failing, therefore, not liking psych)
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Displacement
Acting out on someone else who is not the source of anxiety (Having a bad day and taking it out on someone else)
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Sublimination
Taking anxiety and channeling it toward something artistic
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Neo-Freudians
Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, Carl Jung
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Alfred Adler
Inferiority Complex: comparing self to others can have a negative impact on self
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Karen Horney
Balance between masculine and feminine
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Carl Jung
Collective Unconscious: We can see things across cultures that are relatable
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Projective Tests
Thematic Apperception Test and Rorschach Inkblot Tests
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Thematic Apperception Test
Seeing a picture and telling a story about it
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Rorschach Inkblot Test
Based on what the patient tells you, psychologist would say what it meant
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Humanistic Perspective
Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers
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