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What did John Tyndall do?
He showed that some microbes in dust and air were resistant to high heat.
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What are the three isolation methods?
- streak plate
- pour plate
- spread plate
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What is Taxonomy
A formal system for organizing, classifying and naming living things.
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What did Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek do?
He developed the first single lens microscope.
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What are the primary concerns of Taxonomy?
- Classification: arrangement of organisms into groups
- nonmenclature: assigning names to the various taxonomic rankings of each microbial species
- identification: discovering and recording traits to place organisms in an overall taxonomic scheme
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What did Ferdinand Cohn do?
He identified heat-resistant bacterial spores.
** Reason why heat didn't always eliminate mircrobes **
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What is spontaneous Generation?
An early belief that some forms of life could arise from viatal forces present in non living or decomposing matter.
Disproven by Louis Pasteur
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What is Aseptic Technique
A technique used to reduce the spread of microbes in a medical setting and prevent wound infections.
First introuduced by Joseph Lister.
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What does the term sterile mean?
To completely eliminate all life forms, including spores, from objects or materials.
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What are the six main types of microorganisms?
- Bacteria
- Algae
- Protozoa
- Helminths
- Fungi
- Viruses
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What is the Germ Theory of Disease?
Diseases are caused by the growth of microbes inside the body and not from sins, bad character, or poverty.
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Prokaryote
- - no nucleus
- - no membranous organelles
- (bacteria)
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What did Robert Hooke do?
Robert Hooke described the structures in cork as cells.
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What are teh two types of stains/Dyes?
- Positive Stains (Basic Dyes)
- - positive charge
- - binds negative charge on cells
- Negative Stains (Acidic Dyes)
- - negative charge
- - binds the background, not the cells
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What are the types of positive stains?
- Differential Stains
- - two different colored dyes
- Special Stains
- - emphasize certain cell parts
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What are the principles of microscopy?
- Illumination
- - the specimen must be lit to be seen by the naked eye
Magnification
- Resolution
- - Ability to identify two points as separate from each other.
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What is the difference between Selective and Differential Media?
Selective Media favors the growh of one type of bacteria over another
Differential Media allows bacteria to show different reactions
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Microbes are managed and characterized with the five I's. What are the Five I's
- Inoculation
- Incubation
- Isolation
- Inspection
- Identification
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What are the three categories of media classification?
Physical sate
Chemical composition
Functional Type
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Eukaryote
- Has nuclueus and membranous organelles
- Algae, protozoa, helminths, and fungi
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What is the structure of a generalized prokaryotic cell?
- External--------- flagella (controls movement)
- pili (transfers DNA to other cells)
- fimbriae (anchor) allows it to adhere to other cells and surfaces
- glycocalyx (pink coating external to the cell wall)
- Cell Envelope outer membrane (contains lipopolysaccharide)
- cell wall (provides structural support)
- cell membrane (controls what goes in and out)
- Internal Cytoplasm (water-based solution filling entire cell)
- Ribosomes (contains proteins and RNA)
- Inclusions (stores nutrients such as fat; it can be used when needed)
- Nucleoid/chromosome(Contains DNA)
- Actin cytoskeleton (contributes to the shape of the cell)
- Endospore (Allows for survival in adverse conditions)
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