Ch11_CogPsyc_Exam3

1. A(n) ___________ is a series of _______________.
a. perception-action cycle, actions
c. action, movements
b. movement, motor programs
d. motor cognition, intentions

2. You are playing catch with a friend who throws the ball a little high. Adjusting your glove hand to the height of the ball is an illustration of :
a. the perception-action cycle
c. interactive motor programming
b. muscular adjustment
d. intentions

3. ____________ link perception and action.
a. Attention
c. Intentions
b. Representations
d. Consequences

4. Overarching plans for action are processed in:
a. PM
c. M1
b. SMA
d. MT

5. Representing actions made by other people is accomplished by _____________________.
a. perception-action cycles
c. vicarious motor programs
b. shared motor representations
d. action association schemas

6. You are helping coach a Little League team. You notice that your players have a better batting stance and swing after you demonstrate the proper technique. What is a possible explanation for this observation?
a. motor imagery
c. vicarious learning
b. PM processing
d. motor priming

7. A representation of a sequence of movements planned in advance of an actual performance is a _____________.
a. motor schema
c. movement routine
b. motor program
d. motor habit

8. Neuroimaging research suggests that the same representations underlying our motor programs are also involved with:
a. muscle memory
c. perception
b. anticipating actions of others
d. problem solving

9. Yue and Cole (1992) showed that motor imagery training can:
a. improve dexterity
c. facilitate decision making
b. increase muscle strength
d. replace practice

10. The amount of time it takes you to walk to your favorite coffee shop using imagery is ______________ the amount of time it actually takes you to walk to the coffee shop.
a. significantly greater than
c. significantly less than
b. equal to
d. proportional to

11. A researcher asks you to use imagery to drive from campus to your home and records the time it takes you to complete the task. She then asks you to use imagery to drive from campus to your home with poor visibility conditions due to a dense fog. How long will it take you to perform the second task?
a. more time than normal driving conditions
c. same path so no change in imagery time
b. less time because of practice effects
d. more time due to imagery fatigue

12. If you used mental imagery to run across campus, you would probably experience an increase in the ___________________.
a. parasympathetic nervous system
c. autonomic nervous system
b. endocrine system
d. temperature regulation system

13. It takes longer to determine whether or not two geometric objects in a pair are identical or mirror images the more one object in the pair is rotated in ____________ and ___________.
a. space, time
c. 2D, orientation
b. perspective, to the right
d. the picture-plane, depth

14. ____________ is the tendency to adopt the behaviors, postures, or mannerisms of others without awareness or intent.
a. Mimicry
c. Imitation
b. Simulation
d. Mockery

15. ___________ is the ability to understand the intent of an observed action and then to reproduce it.
a. Mockery
c. Imitation
b. Mimicry
d. Impersonation

16. A basketball player from China, who does not speak English, is drafted by an NBA team. During practice he intently watches his coaches and other players so he can __________ what he is being instructed.
a. imitate
c. mimic
b. mock
d. impersonate

17. A toddler will imitate the behavior of a(n) __________ but not the identical behavior of a(n) __________.
a. relative, stranger
c. adult, toddler
b. person, robot
d. toddler, mirror image

18. An infant is more likely to imitate giving a bottle to a teddy bear than to a pillow, suggesting that they will tend to only imitate behavior that is:
a. plausible
c. adaptive
b. biological
d. nurturing

19. You are a consultant to a television production company that creates shows for children. They are trying to decide on the type of main character they should have for a new show. Based on research by Meltzoff, you tell them that toddlers are more likely to imitate a behavior if it modeled by:
a. an adult
c. Barney the dinasour
b. a backyardigans
d. a robot with high contrast colors

20. ______________ distinguish(es) imitation from mimicry.
a. Attention
c. Goals
b. Intention
d. Practice

21. An efference copy is a copy of (a) ________________.
a. goal state
c. sensory information
b. task demand
d. motor command

22. _____________ believed the self is a tangible unified mental entity.
a. William James
c. Skinner
b. Descartes
d. Kenny

23. Baldwin believed that ____________ was the means by which children come to understand others.
a. conceptualizing
c. mimicry
b. imitation
d. role playing

24. __________________ posits that we gain insight into the plans, beliefs, and desires that motive the actions of others by covertly simulating those same actions in ourselves.
a. Passive learning
c. Observational learning
b. Simulation theory
d. Imagery theory

25. Neurons that discharge when a motor plan is executed and when the action of another is observed are known as:
a. mirror neurons
c. motor neurons
b. mimicking neurons
d. nondifferentiating neurons

26. Watching a horse run on a track is perceived differently than watching an animated horse run on a simulated track at a casino. The difference is due to:
a. the animation effect
c. the kinematic effect
b. biological motion
d. real-time processing

27. Game developers place a set of lights on wrists, knees, ankles, shoulders, and heads of athletes to determine their ____________ so that the games are as realistic as possible.
a. gate cadence
c. motion signature
b. relative proportions
d. kinematic pattern

28. Using a million drawings to make a feature length movie is possible due to the phenomenon of:
a. kinematic patterns
c. apparent motion
b. automatic processing
d. the cinematic effect