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Define Dendrites
revieve impulse from other parts of the nervous system and bring them toward the cell body
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Define axons
- take impuleses away from the cell body
- located opposite of dendrites
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Define Myelin
White fatty substance found in CNS and PNS.
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Define Tract
- group of myelinated nerve fibers with the CNS
- carries a specific type of info from one area to another
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Cerebrum
- largest portion of the brain
- responsible for highest mental function
- made up of right and left cerebral hemispheres
- occupies the anterior and superior portion of the cranium
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Frontal Lobe
- Personality
- motor movement and expressive speech
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Occipital Lobe
- Vision
- Recognition of size, color, and shape
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Parietal Lobe
- controls gross sensation, touch, and pressure, and fine sensation (texture, weight, size, and shape)
- reading skills
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Temporal Lobe
Centers for behavior hearing and language and understanding
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Thalamus
- mass of nerve celss relay station for body sensation
- where pain is recieved
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Hypothalamus
hormone function and behavior, body tempurature regulation
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Basal Ganglia
Coordination of motor movement
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Brain Stem
- Midbrain - upper center for visual reflexes
- Pons "bridge"
- Medulla Oblongata - center for automatic control of respiration and hear rate
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Cerebellum
- Posterior portion of the brain behind the pons and medulla
- covered superiorly by the posterior portsion of the cerebrum
- muscle coordination
- tone & posture
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Brain Protection
- Skull
- Meninges Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater (middle thin layer), Pia Mater (carries blood vessels to the Brain)
- Subarachnoid space - contains CSF
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Define an upper motor neuron lession
- Synapse above the anterior horn
- lesion between brain and spinal cord
- muscle spasticity, babinski reflex, Clonus (over active stretch) hyperreflexia
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Examples of Upper Motor lesions
- Spinal Cord injuries
- Multiple sclerosis
- Parkinsonism
- cerebral vascular accident
- Various Types of Head Injuries
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Define Lower Motor Lessions
- Synapse at or below the spinal cord
- flaccid muscles, muscle atrophy, twitching
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Examples of Lower Motor Lesions
- Muscular dystrophy
- polopmyeltits
- myasthenia gravis
- peripheral nerve injuries
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Define Motor Neuron
- anterior horn of the spinal cord
- efferent impluses
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Define Sensory Neurons
- Posterior horn of spinal cord
- afferent impulses
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Define the Brachial Plexus
- Roots C5-T1
- Trunks Superior C5 and C6, Middle C7, Inferior C8-T1
- Division (anterior n posterior)
- Cords (lateral, Posterior, and medial)
- peripheral nerves
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List the Peripheral Nerves of the Brachial Plexus
- Axillary lateral arm
- Musculocutaneous anterolateral forearm
- Radial Posterior
- Median - Palmar
- Ulnar - medial arm
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Define lumbar Plexius
- Roots
- Branches
- Divisions
- peripheral Nerves
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