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Platysma
- Action:depresses mandible; pulls down lower lip; tenses neck skin
- Origin: Fascia of deltoid and pectoralis major
- Insertion: mandible; skin and subcutancous tissue
- Note: On neck
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Orbicularis Oculli
- Action: contracts individually around the eye (blinking, winking, squinting)
- Origin: lacrimal bone, adjacent regions of frontal bone and maxilla, medial angle of eyelids
- Insertion: upper and lower eyelids, skin around margin of orbit
- Note: circular arond eyeballs
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Orbicularis Oris
- Action: closes, purses, and protrudes the lips
- Origin: maxilla and mandible
- Insertion: muscle and skin of the angles of the mouth
- Note: circular around mouth
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Temporalis
- Action: closes jaw by elevating mandible
- Origin: temporal lines and temporal fossa of cranium
- Insertion: coronoid process and anterior border of mandibular ramus
- Note: on temporal bone
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Masseter
- Action: agonist in elevating the mandible
- Origin: zygomatic arch and maxilla
- Insertion: angle of the mandible
- Note: jawline -feel when chew
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Buccinator
- Action: retraction of the mandible
- Origin: alveolar process on lateral surfaces of maxilla and mandible
- Insertion: orbicularis oris; submucosa of cheek and lips
- Note: cheek- deep
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Digastric
- Action: open mouth; depress mandible; elevate hyoid bone
- Origin:mastoid notch of temporal bone, digastric fossa of mandible
- Insertion: hyoid bone
- Note: 2 belly under jaw
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Mylohyoid
- Action: elevates hyoid bone and floor of mouth, enabling tongue to exert upper and backward pressure
- Origin: mandible
- Insertion: hyoid bone
- Note: under chin - flat - deep
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Sternocleidomastoid
- Action: head and neck flexion; rotation of the head
- Origin: manubrium of sternum and clavicle
- Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone and occipital bone
- Note: superficial down neck
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Trapezius
- Action: elevate, depress, and rotate scapula
- Origin: external occipital protuberance, medial one-third of superior nuchal line
- Insertion: acromion and spine of scapula
- Note: superficial upper back
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Deltoid
- Action: agonist in arm abduction, flexion, and medial rotation of humerus
- Origin: insertion of trapezius, clavicle, and acromion and spine of scapula
- Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
- Note: shoulder
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Pectoralis Major
- Action: agonist in arm flexion; adducts arm; rotates arm medially
- Origin: clavicle, sternum, and cartilage of ribs 1-6
- Insertion: intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
- Note: chest
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Serratus Anterior
- Action: prime mover to protract scapula, abduction and raising of arm (punching)
- Origin: all or nearly all ribs
- Insertion: medial border of scapula
- Note: ribs to scapula (deep)
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Supraspinatus
- Action: abduction of arm; stabilizes shoulder
- Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula
- Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
- Note: above spine of scapula
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Infraspinatus
- Action: rotates humerus laterally; stabilizes shoulder
- Origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula
- Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
- Note: below spine of scapula
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Teres Major
- Action: medially rotates and adducts the humerus; synergist of latissimus dorsi
- Origin: Posterior surface of the scapula
- Insertion: intertubercular sulcus of humerus
- Note: below infraspinous to scapula
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External Intercostals
- Action: elevates rib cage during inhalation
- Origin:inferior margins of ribs 1-11
- Insertion: each inserts on superior marrgin of next lower rib
- Note:above ribs (outside)
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Internal Intercostals
- Action: depress rib cage during exhalation
- Origin:superior margins and costal cartilages of ribs 2-12
- Insertion: each inserts on inferior margin of next higher rib
- Note: below ribs (inside)
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External Oblique
- Action: aids in flexion of vertebral column; trunk rotation
- Origin: ribs 5-12
- Insertion: iliac crest, pubic symphysis, pubis
- Note: outermost layer (put hands in pocket)
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Internal Oblique
- Action: aids in flexion of the vertebral column; trunk rotation
- Origin: inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, costal cartilages 7-12
- Insertion: ribs 10-12
- Note: below external oblique, runs opposite (cut model)
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Traversus Abdominis
- Action: compresses abdomen
- Origin: inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolimbar fascia, costal cartilages 7-12
- Insertion: linea alba, pubis
- Note: under internal oblique. horizontal innermost layer
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Rectus Abdominis
- Action: flex and rotate lumbar region
- Origin: pubic crest and pubic symphysis
- Insertion: xiphoid process and costals
- Note:"straight" up and down - six pack
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Latissimus Dorsi
- Action: adducts and extends arm; depresses scapula
- Origin: spines of T7-L5, lumbar vertebrae, lower ribs and iliac crest
- Insertion: intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
- Note:lower back. under trapezius
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Diaphragm
- Action: agonist of inspiration; flattens to increase thoracic volume
- Note:separates abdominal from thoracic cavity
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Biceps Brachii
- Action: elbow flexion; supination of forearm
- Origin: short head - coracoid process. long head - glenoid cavity and intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
- Note:upper arm. two heads
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Tricepts Brachii
- Action: agonist in forearm extension
- Origin:long head - scapula. lateral head - posterior humerus. medial head - posterior humerus
- Insertion: olecranon process of the ulna
- Note: opposite side of biceps brachii. upper arm
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Brachialis
- Action: flexor of forearm
- Origin: front of distal humerus
- Insertion: coronoid process of ulna
- Note:deep to bicepts brachii
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Pronator Teres
- Action: pronates forearm
- Note: forearm, thumb side, under brachial ter.
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Flexor Carpi Radialis
- Action: wrist flexion; abduction of hand
- Note: palm side of forearm. next to pronater teres
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Brachioradialis
- Action: synergist in forearm flexion
- Note: thumb side. lower arm. big muscle. in front of pronater teres.
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Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
- Action: flexor of wrist of middle phalanges
- Note:deep to flexor carpi radialis. feathery.
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Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
- Action: extends and abducts wrist
- Note: next to brachioradialis
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Extensor Digitorum
- Action: agonist of finger extension; abduct fingers; extends wrist
- Note: back of hand. next to extensor carpi radialis longus
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Tensor Fasciae Latae
- Action: extends knee; laterally rotates tibia
- Note: little toe side of thigh. very top
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Gluteus Maximus
- Action: thigh extensor; laterally rotates and abucts the thigh
- Origin: dorsal ilium, sacrum, and coccyx
- Insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur
- Note: butt muscle
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Gluteus Medius
- Action: abduct and medially rotate thigh
- Note: deep to gluteus maximus
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Rectus Femoris
- Action: extends knee; flexion of thigh at the hip
- Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine and acetabulum
- Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity via the patellar tendon
- Note: straight femor. straight above knee cap. middle thigh
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Vastus Medialis
- Action: extends knee; stabilizes the patella
- Note: big toe side next to knee thigh
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Vastus Lateralis
- Action: extends and stabilizes the knee
- Note: lateral to rectus femoris, little toe side. thigh
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Sartorius
- Action: flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the thigh
- Origin: anterior superior iliac spine
- Insertion: medial and proximal aspect of tibia
- Note:starts big toe side, goes diagonal
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Adductor Magnus
- Action: synergist of hamstrings in extension; adducts and medially rotates and flexes thigh
- Note: medial thigh, behind gracilis
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Adductor Longus
- Action: adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the thigh
- Note:in front of gracilis
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Gracilis
- Action: adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the thigh; aids in knee flexion
- Origin: inferior ramus and body of pubis and ischial ramus
- Insertion: medial surface of tibia
- Note: medial thigh, down middle, superficial
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Biceps Femoris
- Action: extends thigh; flexes knee; lateral rotation of leg
- Origin: ischial tuberosity linea aspera of femur
- Insertion: head of fibula lateral condyle of tibia
- Note: lateral side behind leg. thigh.
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Semimembranosus
- Action: thigh extension; knee flexion, medial leg rotation
- Note: under semitendinosus, more medial
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Semitendinosus
- Action: extends thigh; flexes knee; medially rotates leg
- Note:next to biceps femoris
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Soleus
- Action: plantar flexion
- Note: deep to gastrocnemius
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Gastrocnemius
- Action: plantar flexion
- Origin: medial and lateral condyles of femur
- Insertion: calcaneus via the achilles tendon
- Note: calf. superficial
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Tibialis Anterior
- Action: agonist in dorsiflexion; inversion of the foot
- Origin: lateral condyle and shaft of tibia
- Insertion: medial cuneiform and first metatarsal via tendon
- Note:shin
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Origin
where muscle attaches to immoveable bone usually via tendon
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Insertion
where muscle attaches to mobile bone usually via tendon
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antagonist
counteracts mover
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flexion
decrease angle of joint
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extension
increasing angle of joint
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hyperextension
increasing angle past anatomical position
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abduction
move body part away from midline
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adduction
move body part toward midline
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protraction
move body part anteriorly
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retraction
move body part posteriorly
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elevation
raise body part vertically
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depression
lower body part
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circumduction
one end of limb stays still while other end moves in a circle
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inversion
feet where soles face each oher
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eversion
feet where soles go outward
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dorsiflexion
flex foot up
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plantar flexion
point toes down
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