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Another name for fibrous joint
synarthrodial
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Another name for cartilaginous
amphiarthrodial
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Another name for synovial
diarthrodial
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Fibrous Joints (synarthrodial)
Junction connected by dense irregular CT
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Junction connected by
dense irregular CT
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Give examples of syndesmoses joints
- Distal Tibiofiublar joint
- Interosseous membranes
- Which include sutures gomphosis
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What is the function of fibrous joints
- Binds
- .. Force transmission
- .. Minimal joint motion
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Cartilaginous Joints are formed by
Junction formed by fibrocartilage &/or hyaline cartilage
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Examples of cartilaginous joints are
- Symphyses –hyaline layer plus
- fibrocartilage
- .. Synchondroses-hyaline
- .. First rib and sternum
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The function of cartigainous Joints are (3 things)
- Force transmission & absorbtion
- .. Restrains movement
- .. Provides stability and a small amount of mobility
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Synovial Joints have 5 components
- 1. Synovial fluid forms a filmaround joint surfaces
- 2. Articular cartilage-hyaline3. Joint capsule-2 layers
- 4. Synovial membrane lining thejoint cavity which producessynovial fluid for jointlubrication and nutrition
- 5. Fibrous capsule which isreinforced by capsularligaments? Joint space which may ormay not be divided by afibrous intraarticular disc or meniscus
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Synovial joints also have
blood vessels and sensory nerves
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Someimes presents
- Intraarticular discs ormenisci
- Labrum of fibrocartilage
- Fat Pads
- Synovial Plicae
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Name the different types of synovial joints, give examples also
Plane, hinge, pivot, ellipsoid,condyloid saddle, ball and socket
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Mobility and stability determined by
- Articular surfaces
- .. Joint capsule and ligaments
- .. Periarticular soft tissue
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Function of bone
- Protection
- .. Structure
- .. Muscle attachment sites
- for movement
- .. Mineral storage
- .. Blood cell production
- .. Highly vascularized
- .. Sensory Innervation
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Cortical (Compact) Bone is formed by
Forms the outer shell. Has a dense structure similar to ivory.
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Cancellous (Trabecular) Bone
Within the cortical bone, is composed of thin plates in a loose mesh structure filled with red marrow.
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cell is the bone
- Osteoblasts
- .. Osteocytes
- .. Osteoclasts
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Organic extracellular Matrix includes
Collagen and Proteoglycans
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Proteoglycans
Cementing substance between layers of crystallized collagen.
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Inorganic Materials
Mineral salts such as calcium and phosphate.
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Haversian System is another name for
(Osteon)
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Haversian System (Osteon) do what?
- organizes the collagen fibers –Type I into spirals
- and
- The layers of osteonsfrom a rigid support system
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Wolff's Law
Bone remodels itself to meet the imposed demands
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In bone mineral conten determines the ______?
mechanics
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Body is best at handling ________ forces?
Followed by
- compressive
- then
- tension and shear
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Bone can withstand higher__________ forces with less strain than thensile forces
compressive
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Tension force can cuase failure from
cementline debonding (avulsion fx)
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Femoral condyle fracture is an example of what type of force
Failure in Shearing
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boot top fracture is an example of a
bending fracture
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Rate of force application
If the tissue is loaded rapidly more
energy (force or stress) is required to deform the tissue (bone)
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Aging causes a reduction in the amount of ________ and causes decrease thickness in the _________
- cancellous bone
- cortical bone
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What happens if the bone is immobolizated
- Bone formation
- .. Bone resorbtion
- .. Collagen synthesis
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Another name for hyaline cartilage
articular cartilage
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Where is hyaline cartilage found
found in thenose, larynx, trachea, bronchi& articular surfaces. Also as template for long bone growth
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Where is elastic cartilage found
- pinna of ear
- epiglottis and trachea
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Where is fibrocartilage found
- Intervertebral discs,
- pubic symphysis
- & all articular discs.
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What are the function of articular cartilage
- Load distribution
- .. Lower friction between joint surfaces
- .. Lubrication
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What is the composiiton of articular cartilage (3 things)
Chrondocytes, collagen (type II), and extracellular matrix.
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Chrondocytes are made up of ___% of tissue volume
10
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What are the gernal characteristics of articular cartilage
- .. Avascular; aneural
- .. Cell nourishment through osmosis & diffusion
- .. Like bone, continually remodels
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Articular cartilage structure has four layers. What are they
perichondrium, superficial layer, middle layer, deep layer
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Biomechanical Behavior of Articular Cartilage Display viscoelestic properties
- .. Time dependent properties
- .. Rate dependent properties
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With rapid loading _____ force is required to deform tissue
more
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Function of fibrocartilage (menisci)
- .. Fill dead space
- .. Shock absorption
- .. Enhance joint congruity
- .. Control joint motion
- .. Enhance joint motion
- .. Weight distribution
- .. Protect joint margins
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Composition of fibrocartilage
- .. Similar to hyaline cartilage & fibrous
- connective tissue
- .. Less GAG’s & water
- .. Type I collagen
- .. Chondrocytes develop from fibroblasts
- .. Generally avascular; aneural
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Type I collagen fiber content resist
tension
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Joint capsules have two layers. What are they?
Fibrous Layer and synovial layer
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What are the characteristics of the fibrous layer
- .. Has ligaments
- .. Provides support
- .. Protects synovium
- .. Holds bones in opposition
- .. Many nerves, few blood
- vessels
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What characteristics do synovial layers have
- .. Two layers
- .. Creates synovial cavity
- .. Produces synovial fluid and nutrient/waste regulation
- .. Few nerves, many blood vessels
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Fibrous layer of joint capsuel is (2) things
pooly vascularized and densely innervated
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Synovial layer
Richly vascularized and poorly innervated
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During normal daily activities a tendon is
subjected to
1/4 of its ultimate stress
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What happens to tendons and ligament if they are immobolized
- .. Decreased
- .. Collagen
- .. Crosslinking
- .. Tensile strength
- .. (50%) loss in eight weeks
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What happens to capsule if they are immobolized
- .. Disordered collagen fibrils
- .. Abnormal crosslinking
- .. Adhesions form
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What is the functions of synovial fluid
- .. Lubrication
- .. Nourishment
- .. Stabilization
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When the bony components of
a joint are
.. moving rapidly the viscosity of
th i l fl id d d
..The viscosity varies inversely with the
joint velocity or rate of shear
the synovial fluid d
ecreases and
provides less resistance to
motion
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