Offspring resemble their parents, but not exactly and Siblings resemble each other, but not exactly
Adults produce what in their gonands by meiosis?
gametes
When a sperm cell fertilize an egg cell to form a single cell called what?
zygote
When a zygote has repeated cell division this forms what?
an embryo
T or F Chromosomes are uncondensed before cell division
True
The area where duplicated chromosomes are held together
Centromere
Duplicated chromosomes, held together at the centromere, are called what?
Sister Chromatids
How are Chromosomes are duplicated?
Through DNA replication
Matched genes, which are at the same locus (location) on homologous chromosomes are called what?
alleles
When two alleles controlling a trait are the same, a person is said to be?
homozygous
When two alleles controlling a trait are different, a person is said to be?
heterozygous
Sometimes, one allele masks or suppresses the expression of its partner is said to be what?
dominant
Sometimes, one allele masks or suppresses the expression of its partner is said to be dominant, whereas the allele that is masked is said to be
recessive
The study based on the genetic make-up
Genotype
The observation based on the visible character, based on the genetic make-up
Phenotype
The inheritance of a single characteristic is called what (tall vs short)
Monohybrid
The inheritance of two characteristic is called what (yellow, green vs round, wrinkle)
Dihybrid
Specialized form of cell division in gonads to produce gametes
Meiosis
Meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes in each cell by what
one half
Chromosomes come in what types of pairs?
homologous pairs
Chromosomes come in homologous pairs and gamete (formed from cell division in the gonads) gets how many chromosomes from each pair
one
What type of cell has 22 pairs of autosomes, and one pair of sex chromosomes
a somatic cell
Gametes have what type of chromosome
haploid
Somatic cells have what type chromosomes
diploid
In humans, the total number of chromosomes present how many
46 or 23 pairs
Out of 23 pairs of chromosomes how are they broken down
22 pairs of autosomal and 1 pair of sex chromosomes (X and Y sex chromosomes)
What does a male chomosome look like
44+X+Y
What does a female chomosome look like
44+X+X
Before meiosis, there is an interphase what happens there
DNA is duplicated
Meiosis takes place in two stages, what are the stages
meiosis I and meiosis II
During what phase of meiosis does the separation of members of a homologous pair happen
Meiosis I
During what phase might there be crossing over between members of homologous pair
prophase I
Meiosis II is essentially like mitosis; it separates what?
sister chromatids
A single egg is fertilized by a single sperm in a random manner, what is this called
Random alignment
A single egg is fertilized by a single sperm in a random manner is called random alignment and what is the result?
different types of gamates being formed
An offspring represents one out of how many zygote possibilities
72 trillion
This is who studied the characters of pea plants and predicted the characters of the offspring.
Mendel
Mendel studied the characters of pea plants and predicted the characters of the offspring. We now know The character is dependent on what?
the gene that is present in chromosomes
What is the two Mendelian Laws
1. law of segregation and 2. law of independent assortment
The law of segregation is the separation of charaters and means what
tall plants can produce tall and short plants but short plants always give short plants.
In the law of segregation tall plants can produce tall and short plants but short plants always give short plants so the character of short is called what
true trend or trait
What is the definition of the law of independent assortment
The expression of one character is independent of another. i.e. it is not influenced by any other factors
What is the percentage of the white population with O, A, B and AB blood type
