What was one of the most popular ways of obtaining spiritual benefits?
go on a pilgrimage
a ourney to some holy place or shrine
pilgrimage
What were reasons for going on pilgrimages?
pray for saints help
seek the cure of some disease by touching some object that had belonged to the saint
give thanks for having deliverd them from some great peril
penance or atonement for doing wrong
For especially long pilgrimages, such as to Jerusalem or Rome, they might expect some ____.
forgiveness for past sins
WHo were the first pilgrims to the Holy Land?
Magi
In England, what was the most popular shrine?
Canterbury cathedral where the body of Saint Thomas Becket was buried and his relics preserved
When did they usually go on pilgrimages?
spring
Geoffrey Chaucer is a ___ century English poet.
14th
Thomas Becket had appointed ___ in the ___ century at the urging of his old friend __.
archbishop of canterbury
12th
King Henry II of England
What was the story of Thomas?
infuriated the king by opposing the kings attempts to have clergymen charged with crimes tried by civil court and not by an ecclesiastical court. One evening in 1170 AD, Henry II said "By the eyes of God, is there not one person who will deliver me from this low born priest?" Four knights then murdered Thomas
In less than _ years, Thomas was made a saint of the ____ and his shrine at ____ became one of the great centers of __. It was widely believed that the cathedral's well water had ___. Many pilgrims took some of it home with them in small pewter flasks. These flasks bore the inscription, "______."
3
roman catholic church
canterbury cathedral
pilgrimages
miraculous healing powers
"For good people that are sick. Thomas is the best of physicians."
Before starting on his journey, wat did the pilgrim first do?
went to his local church to receive its blessings and prayers for his/her safety.
What did they wear?
robe of shaggy wool
round felt hat
long staff
scrip (small bag of food) on a piece of robe around neck
- if penance, barefoot and swore not to cut hair or beard until return
- if for Holy Land, cross of cloth sewn on robe
Who often went on horseback?
nobles
True or False:
- On pilgrimages, people discriminated based on class rank.
False: people mingled on a pilgrimage
The pilgrims were accompanied by __ and __, and told each other ___.
minstrels
musicians
stories
When was Cha3ucer born? DIE?
1340 or 1343
1400
Chaucer lived in ___ and worked for ___ and ___. He was an __. He is best remembered for his __.
London, England
Kings Edward II and Henry IV
aristocrat
writing
Chaucer wrote the Canterbury Tales in __. The tales include a __ and there were supposed to be __ tales. Each person was supposed to tell __ tales on the way to __ and _ on the way back, for a total of __ tales each. There would be __ pilgrims telling stories. In the prologue, __ pilgrims are mentioned. The 30th pilgrim would be __ and the 31st was ___.
1385
prologue
124
2
canterbury
2
4
31
29
Chaucer himself
someone who they would meet along the way
Did Chaucer finish his tales? How many did he complete?
no.
22 of them- onethat wasnt quite finished and one that had just been started
In his work, Chaucer __ and comments on the people that are with him and problems of his day.
satirizes
Most of his work is is written in a __ style, a ___, except the __ tale which is in rhymed couplets or in __ of seven lines.
poetic
narrative verse
Monks
stanzas
Chaucer writes in ___ a lot with couplets. All of the tales are poetic except the ____ and the ___.
iambic pentameter
Tale of Melibeu
Parson's Tale
Canterbury is a ___, which is a story that includes other stories.
framed story
In England, the language most used by people was ___. However, the official language was __. The aristocrats spoke it and it was used in all-important political circles. By the time Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales, __ was still spoken by the high society, but __ was now being spoken by most people. The __ was quite different than what we speak today. As a matter of fact, there are different periods of the ___ language. THere is ___, ___, and __. Canterbury Tales was written in ___, of which there are ___ different dialects.
Anglo/ Saxon
French x2
English x3
old, middle, modern
middle english
5
In Canterbury Tales, there are many different genre of literature. There is __, which really means an adventure story about knights all that they had to do, ___, __ a romantic poem called a ___, a ___ which deals with animals having human qualities, a ___ and an ___, which is part of a sermon that has examples in it to express a certain theme.
courtly romance
saint legends
sermons
lay
beast fable
tragedy
exemplum
Political theory stated that England had three different classes of society: __, __, __.
feudal
ecclesiastical
profesional (merchant class)- urban class because these people were engaged in activities that happened in the city
The members of the __ are related to the land or to a lord. They were the __, __, ___, ___, ___, __, __.
feudalclass
knight
squire
yeomen
Franklin
reeve
miller
plowman
The members of the __ were those who were related to the church. They were the __, __, __, __, __, __ and __.
ecclesiastical order
parson
summoner
pardoner
nun
friar
monk
cleric (Student of Philosophy)
The members of the ___ were men and women from the fast growing towns. They generally were involved in either the production or selling of products or services to other people. They were the __ (x10)
professional, merchant or urban class
physician
lawyer
manciple
merchant
shipman
5 tradesmen
cook
wife of Bath (clothmaker)
innkeeper
In each class, there was a ___.
Of all the people on the pilgrimage, who was the highest?
hierarchy
knight
In the ecclesiastical order, how many types of clergy? What?
Which people were classified under them?
2
secular- archbishops, bishops pastors, chaplains, parsons and other parish priests
regular order- monks, friars, nuns
__: members of the clerg that worked with the people, the laity and lived in various parishes
secular clergy
__: either cloistered or followed certain rules established by their founder
regular order clergy
to diminish or criticize a person, place or thing; use humor, sarcasm or irony to accomplish goal
satirize
act of making fun or a person, place or thing. The laughter is derisive and is being used as a weapon to diminish or deride a person, place or thing.
humore
to ridicule or mock
deride
means to mock, taunt, tease, or ridicule. You do ths by using a lot of praise. Give toomuch praise so that everyone knows you are actually dispraising the person, place or thing
sarcasm
means the author states on thing but actually means the opposite; in fancy language it means the implied attitudes are opposite of literal attitudes
irony
in a situation/ event, the observer explects a certain outcome or response. However, the observer gets the opposite
situational irony
n a play a character states certain things to another character. Everyone on stage accepts what the character said as the truth.However, the audience knows that what was said is not true at all. As a matter of fact, they know the opposite is true.
dramatic irony
What are Chaucer's roles in the story?
narrator
writer
(presents his philosophy)- philosopher
pilgrim
observer- expected to tell story
He is one of many pilgrims who is going to visit the shrine of Saint Thomas BEcket at Canterbury Cathedral. The night before, e stayed at the Tabard Inn, owned and operated by Harry Bailey. He will be expected to tell his stories to everyone else.
Chaucer, the pilgrim
What is the inn called?
Who owns it?
Tabard Inn
Harry Bailey
This man represents the ideal soldier of te times. He follows the code of chivalry. This code was a set of rules for all knights to follow. He is brave, experienced in fighting, loyal, courageous, caring, a true gentlemen. HE is also the perfect Christian soldier. He is fair and has never taken advantage of anyone. He always respects women and children
knight
son of the knight; is in training to become a knight; supposed to learn all about the rules of knighthood and the physical skills of becoming a knight
squire
Bath is a small town in Eng. not this woman's husband. Her occupation is that of a seamstress. She has been married a number of times and had many affairs in her youth. She presents herself as a person who likes marriage, sex and fine clothes. She also enjoys talking and arguing. She is deaf in one ear and as a gap between er two front teeth. She has traveled on a number of pilgrimages and believes she is quite religious.
Wife of Bath (Alison)
He granted Papal indulgences (reprieves from penance) in exchange for a financial donation to the Catholic Church. This particular character is very good in selling these indulgences. At that time people had to do two types of penances. One was to pray or do something holy and the other was to actually do a physical penance. An example might be for a person to kneel on the front steps of the church for an hour. The indulgence was to take way the ysical part of the penance
the pardoner
short-shouldered, broad, thinck; big man; has a wart on his nose and has a big, fire breathing mouth on him; drinks a lot; uses his pysical strength to do things; crude and boorish; real job in life is to grind the wheat into flour; e is trusted by many to be honest in his job; job is hard to do and demands some physical strength
miller
lady is a nun who is in charge of her convent; dainty; dresses quite well; learned to speak in a school in eng., not in Paris, France; likes to own things; as a nun she has taken the vow of povery, chastity, and obedience to her superiors
prioress
__ in the Middle Ages lived in monasteries and followed the rules of Saint Benedict. There were many rules, but the four most important ones were: poverty, chastity, obedience, and be cloistered. He is supposed to be very religious and devote his life to God
monks
monk
__ is a member of the community of St. Francis of Assisi; they were to help the poor of the community; were to make teir own living by begging for money to buy food; whatever was left over was to be used for the poor.Also took the vows of poverty, chastity and obedience; his main concern is to help oters who are the worst
friar
friar
During the middle ages there were two types of courts. One as the __ court- those who broke the gov. law, Then there was an __ court- used for those who were accused of breaking a church law; job of the __ was to bring the accused to the ecclesiastical court. Many people feared him because at that time anyone could accuse anyone else of committing a religious crime. He is supposed to do his job honestly, never take bribes. or be persuaded to go after someone who was falsely accused
legal
ecclesiastical
summoner
leader of the pilgrimage to Canterbury; he is Harry Bailey, the owner of the Inn. It is at his inn that everyone is staying. It's Harry's idea for every one to tell stories and win a prize; he owns the inn which is a bar, restaurant and hotel all in one
host
during the mid. ages, every priest had a title. Of all the priest, the lowest of the low was the __. He is a simple priest who was usually poor; job was to preach the Good NEws Of Jesus CHrist to the members of his parish. During this time, parishes were not as big as they are today. Thus, e was expected to visit the members of his congregation at their homes
parson
__ is a poor student of philosophy. This young man only wants to be a student all his life studying Philosophy; If a person does study philosophy for an extended period of time, they usually become professors of Philosophy
Clerk (Oxford Cleric)
this man was a successful lawyer chosen by the knig to be a judge in areas of the country that needed a judge to hear various cases. Only the most knowledgeable and honest of all men were picked by the king
Serjeant at the Law
in charge of buying the provisions for a college or court; anything from food to paper to books to whatever had to be purchased by this man; the better ones were able to purchase things when they were on sale, tus saving the college or court some money
Manciple
trades in furs and other clothes;these men were usually rather wealthy and obviously wore fine clothes; however, this one is in debt
merchant
owner of a ship that engaged in trading and sometimes in battle; traveled all around Eng. down the coast of Europe into the Mediterranean Sea to the ports of S. Europe and N. Africa; prefers to live on his ship and feels better when his at sea
skipper
supposed to be one of the most admired men in society; quite knowledgeable in med., surgery, and astronomy; During the Middle Ages, many people believed that illness was caused by many things. One of these items was that people got sick because of the position of the stars and planets. Thus, a good one of these had to know his astronomy as well as his medicine; most of that time were men who were quite intelligent and were usually in good physical health
doctor
This word means free man who owned land; not a slave, or a vassal, or a lord. He had money and owned a decent amount of land. His home was rather large and most of the land he had was used for farming and hunting
franklin
in charge of everything that hapened on his lord's land. also in charge of all the employees that worked for his lord; has a responsible job and is trusted by the lord; has to make sure that noone cheats his lord or tricks his lord into losing anything
reeve
poor guy is a member of the peasant class; spends his time working on the fields all day long/ Many hours are spent by this man spreading manure all over the farmland to act as fertilizer; also plows the fields and plants the seeds so that crops can grow; hard workers who were overworked and underpaid
plowman
_ were a combination of what we call today unioins and social fraternities; these men usually dressed in the style of their guild; carpenters wore ertain clothes while hat makers wore a certain style of cloting; men were not poor, but not quite yet a part of middle class; usually hard workers who made a reasonable amt. of money; women like being married to these types of men beause they would have some money to buy things for themselves and have money for food
usually worked in an Inn; inn was a bar, a restaurant and a hotel all wrapped into one; job was obvious. Better ones performed their tasks and bigger and better inns
cooks
__ was the servant to the knigt and squire; besides performing his servant duties he might also have other skills; since he is the servant to the knight, e would prob have the ability to perform skills in fighting, hunting and riding a horse
yeoman
a nun who has taken vows of poverty, chastity and obedience; In this case, she is the secretary to the Nun that was described earlier
second nun
these three men are __ who are accompanying the nun; actually there is only one ever mentioned; later he tels a story to the other pilgrims
(blank)- priest
three priests
In ___, there was a daylong battle near ___.
- __ killed King Harold of England (Last Anglo- Saxon king)
-- ___ (never withdrew from England
October 1066
Hastings, England
Duke William of Normandy
Norman Conquest
____
- son of previous duke of Normandy who was cousin of ___.
---- died childless, leaving ___, earl of Wessex, the throne
---- __ claimed right to the throne
---- wanted to rule ___, not eliminate it.
William of Normandy
Edward the Confessor
Harold
Will
Anglo- Saxons
__= administrative ability (emphasis on law/ order/ cultural unity)
Normans
William's feats
- inventory of almost every piece of property in England- ___
-- people taxed on what they owned
- William and successors: title _____
-- new language: __/ new social system: ___
Domesday Book
Duke of Normandy/ King of England
French
feudalism
social and caste system, property, and military system (relative concept of hierarchy- God's supreme over lord)
feudalism
sense of form, manners that permeated life, art, literature
- sense of formalism to life= institution of knighthood and code of chivalry
feudal system
Boys trained early to become ___.
- trained in houses other than own
- training complete- "__" knight with title __
warriors
dubbed
sir
Knighthood grounded in __- entailed social codes
loyalty
system of ideals/social codes governing behavior of knights and gentlewomen- adhere to oath of loyalty to overlord and observe certain rules of warfare; never attack unarmed opponet/ adorning particular lady= means of achieving self- improvement; idea that revering/ acting in the name of a lady made knight braver and better (courtly love- non sexual)- knight wears lady's colors in battle and glorifies her in words inspired by her but she was still out of reach; set above admirer; did little to approve women's position (perceived value from land walue brought to marriage); gave rise to romance
chivalry
Medieval society centered around __.
- some make living outside it ( cities like __ and ___)
- most medieval art: not ___
ballads-- middle class: ___
-- free/ tied to neither land nor __ and __
--- point of view expressed in __ sung in ale houses and firesides
feudal castle
Canterbury
London
aristocratic
"people's art"
knighthood/ chivalry
The Great Happenings (___- Chaucer)
1) __: series of wars waged by European Christians against Muslims w/ Jerusalem and Holy Land as prize
a) __ failed to hold Jerusalem= benefited from Middle East contact
i) math, astronomy, architect, crafts
2) Martyrdom of ___: Norman chancellor under Henry II (1154-1189) (vassal under pope- head of church and God's representatives)
a) All christians- ___
b) __: powerful; controlled most of crowned heads of Europe
c) _ took Pope's side
i) ___= four knights of Henry murdered him in his cathedral
- led to corruption= monk's luxury/ friar chases women and money/ summoner and pardoner blackmail with threats and eternal damnation
ii) one positive effect: fostered ___- system of belief and symbol that transcended European national cultures
iii) __- center of learning
- __= libraries and publishers
- __= international language
- __= (king of kings) Kingdom= no boundaries
Canterbury Tales
Crusades
Europeans
Thomas Becket
Catholic church
Thomas
Dec. 1170
cultural unity
church
monasteries
latin
pope
__: return to older, democratic tendencies in England
1) __ (1215) at Runnymede strongly backed by pope; defeat for ___
2) later became basis for England ___ (rights like __ and legislative __ established)
Magna Carta
KingJohn
central papal power
constitutional law
trial by jury; taxation
__ ( 1337-1453) England v/ France
1) based on dubious claims to __ throne by two __ kings- __ (1327-'77) and ___ (1413-1422)
a) militarily unsuccessful for England
i) important factor in gradual development of British national consciousness
- after war, England no longer best represented by __, but more accurately by ___ = formed nucleus of English armies in France
1. yard long arrows fly over castle walls
2. became dominant force in new society that grew out of ruins of feudalism
- old ideas of chivaly lived only in stories
100 years war
french
english
Edwards III
Henry V
knight in sharming armor
green clad yeoman (small landowner)
Black Death ( Bubonic Plague) England. 1348- '49
1) highly contagios= spread by __ from infected rats
reduced pop. by __ (labor shortage, gave lower class more leverage than ever before over overlords
- long term result: ___
1) knocked out __ last support
- by the time ___ 1486 marriage reconciled warring Houses of __ and __= middle ages ending
2) Henry began the ___ line
- led to ___
a) __ about to begin
fleas
1/3
serf's freedom
feudalism's
Henry VII's
York and Lancaster
Tudor
Elizabeth I
Renaissance
Morris Bishop: If England won the Battle of Hastings, William the Conquerer would have been known as William the ___
Bastard
The end of the MIddle Ages consisted of __, __, and __
Bubonic Plague, development of monastery system and intro of gunpowder
Foreign coins were melted down into __
ingots
Serfs used the __ for purchases within the community
barter system
__ introduced into Eng. warfare around 1325
gunpowder
Who is the father of English poetry? He made the __ language respectable. Ordinary people spoke ____- ancestor of Modern; __ and ___ were main languages- they thought English couldn't possibly convey all the nuances/ complexities of serious literature
Chaucer
English
Middle English
Latin
French
Chaucer was a well known ___ who served under three kings: __, __, and __.
gov. official
Edward III
Richard II
Henry IV
everyday language spoken in London and East Midlands; lent respectability to English; Chaucer composed in this
vernacular
Chaucer was born into middle- class family in London ot long after the beginning of the ___. His father was a ___. Chaucer read a great deal/ legal training. Government career- attached to several noble patrons. Captured in ___ while serving as a soldier in the ___; important enough to have king contribute to ransom.
100 Yrs. War
wine merchant
France
100 Yrs. War
Chaucer married ___, had __ kids, and was sent to Europe as the king's ___.
In 13657, he was awarded first of several ___ for his services to the Crown.
In 1385, he was appinted ___ in Kent and was later a member of __.
Phillipa
2
ambassador
pensions
Justice of the Peace
Parliament
He was an important government servant, but still wrote (sometimes for personal advancement)
In 1369, he wrote his first important poem ____ in memory of patron's wife
1) Btw. 1374-1386, he created several poems, such as (__/__/___)
The Book of the Duchess
House of Fame
Parliament of Fowls
Troilus and Criseyde
In 1372 and 1378, Chaucer traveled to __, influenced by poems of Bante and Petrarch and stories of Giovanni Boccaccio
Italy
What is the connection between Decameron and Canterbury Tales
framing device: characters tell tales
Tales based on similar old plots
Chaucer begain writing the Canterbury Tales in __- unemployment (never completed all stories [couldn't find rhymes])
1387
Chaucer used several metrical forms and some prose; dominant meter based on __ syllables (unstressed then stressed)
- This is called ___.
10
iambic pentameter
Father in the Family Vault
1) DIed ___ (erected tombstone in __ in 1556)
Oct. 25, 1400
Westminster Abbey
The Canterbury Tales: Snapshot of an Age
1) When is the pilgrimage?
spring (archetypal time of new life and awakening)
Where does the Canterbury Tales start out?
tabard Inn in Southwark
How many pilgrims does Chaucer meet?
29 other pilgrims
What type of unity is the Canterbury Tales?
archetypal unity
THe Canterbury Tales were translated from Middle to Modern English by __.
Nevill Coghill
Author
DesLee26
ID
53471
Card Set
English- Canterbury Tales
Description
Middle Ages, prologue, The Wife of Bath's Tale, Nun's Priest's Tale, Pardoner's Tale