forensic psychology.txt

are any relevant circumstances, supported by the evidence presented during the trial, that makes the harshest penalty appropriate, in the judgment of the jurors.

are any evidence presented regarding the defendant's character or the circumstances of the crime, which would cause a juror to vote for a lesser sentence.

a document which is filed in a court by someone who is not directly related to the case under consideration.

brief that focus on empirical evidence and similar types of evidence rather than reviewing past cases and statutes.

A hearing that is held in state probate court to determine if a person is able to handle their own affairs and to ensure they have the mental capacity to understand the nature of the death penalty and why it was imposed on them

information about particular case remain private

a trial jury pronounced fit to decide a case involving the death penalty.

arguments based on laws or rules

arguments based on experience or observers

whenever a psychologist interacts with a client in any capacity beyond the one role as psychologist, for example, also being their client�s teacher, consultant, business partner, or sexual partner.

both existing standards and proposals for change would be carefully examined for their scientific merit (insanity defense and guilty but mentally ill)

primary responsibility of many forensic psychologists with clinical psychology backgrounds. assessment of characteristics of defendants

may express opinions, for they are presumed to possess special knowledge about a topic, knowledge that the average juror doesn�t have.

who can only testify regarding what they have observed or what they know as fact,

any application of psychological research, methods, theory, and practice to a task faced by the legal system

work in the service of their employers� values rather than trying to advance their own. Their motivation is to help the person who hired them as the expert.

Attempt to resolve legal disputes before they go to trial

• Law . a legal decision or form of proceeding serving as an authoritative rule or pattern in future similar or analogous cases.
• 2.
• any act, decision, or case that serves as a guide or justification for subsequent situations.

consistent over time

different investigators can produce similar results

let the decision stand..The principal that the precedent decisions are to be followed by the courts.

In order to successfully challenge a search or seizure as a violation of the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, a plaintiff must show that he or she had manifested a subjective expectation of privacy in the area of the search or the object seized and that the expectation is one that society is willing to recognize as reasonable or legitimate.

hired by attorneys to help with jury selection, witness preparation, or trial strategy

are basic psychological concepts--standards for decision making, and thus laws are created, amended, or discarded because society has established standards for what is acceptable and unacceptable behavior.

an Italian who sought to understand the causes of crime (from a biological perspective) - father of modern criminology

Those who conduct research in search of scientific laws

Those who work toward the alleviation of detrimental behaviors in individuals

father of forensic psychology - On the Witness Stand

a legal one

A new fact or set of facts that operates to defeat a claim even if the facts supporting that claim are true.

• A new fact or set of facts that operates to defeat a claim even if the facts supporting that claim are true.
• A new fact or set of facts that operates to defeat a claim even if the facts supporting that claim are true.

American Law Institute - A person is not responsible for criminal conduct if at the time of the action, as a result of mental disease or defect, he (or she) lacks substantial capacity either to appreciate the criminality of his conduct or to conform his conduct to the requirements of the law

Control Question Technique

a persons ability to understand the nature and purpose of court proceedings, and it is applicable at every stage of the criminal justice process, from interrogations and pretrial hearings to trials and sentencing hearings.

Offender profiling is a behavioral and investigative tool that is intended to help investigators to profile unknown criminal subjects or offenders.

evaluation by FBI - inquiries that are open to interpretation.

Guilty but not mentally ill

a criminal sense requires not only the commission of an illegal act but a concurrently existing state of mind reflecting awareness of the act's implications.

physical or mental damage

a legal concept, to be decided by the triers of fact, and not a medical or psychological one - a person who is unaware of the meaning of his or her acts and who should not be held criminally responsible for them.

if a defendant demonstrated cognitive knowledge of right or wrong, he or she could still be found not guilty by reason of insanity if his or her free will was so destroyed or overruled that the person had lost the power to choose between right and wrong.

is the defendant simulating a serious mental disorder in order to avoid a guilty verdict or a prison sentence

anything more than three victims in one location and within one event

"a guilty mind"

MO - standard procedure

defining insanity; three elements: a person should be judged insane if the following are present, suffering from disease of the mind, did not "know" the nature of the act he was doing, did not know what he did was wrong

sexual arousal stimulated by a dead body

Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity

prohibit hypnotically assisted testimony in all cases

a mental state examination of the deceased.

can be performed by anybody ---A method of gathering speculative information regarding a suspect's psychological makeup in order to aid the investigation.

the process of conceptualizing various hazards in order to make judgements about their likelihood and the need for various preventative measures.

involving three or more separate events with a cooling-off period between homicides

reflects unique, personal aspects of the criminal act, often the reflection of a need to express violent fantasies

killings at two or more locations with no emotional cooling-off period between homicides

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory - most widely used assessment tests for detecting psychopathology

mental disorder - mental illness: any disease of the mind

includes the following characteristics: impulsivity, a lack of guilt or remorse, pathological lying an manipulativeness, and a continual willingness to violate social norms.

is a tendency to search for or interpret information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions, leading

accepting a dispositional attribution of a person's actions without fully accounting for the effects of situational factors

for purposes of the imposition of the death penalty; predictions of the likelihood of reoffending for purposes of probation, parole, sex offender status

focus on environment for offender, prison, home etc

rate at which a specified event occurs within the population at large

A trial that is divided into stages: one stage to establish guilt or liability, and the other stage to establish damages or punishment.

presence of a death penalty in a state creates --- human life less sacred

seeking the death penalty

is a term used to describe evidence that shows that an individual accused of a crime is not guilty of the crime that he is charged with. Put another way, exculpatory evidence is evidence that is considered favorable to the accused person, or the defendant.

is used to refer to appeals for the dispensation of a case

coerced confession if there is sufficient evidence to conflict the defendant -include: a technical error which has no bearing on the outcome of the trial, an error that was corrected (such as allowing testimony and then ordering it stricken and admonishing the jury to ignore it), the issue affected by the error was found in the appellant's favor (such as hearsay evidence on premeditation, but the jury found no premeditation)

refers to the comprehensive and orderly mental arrangement of principles and facts, which are conceived and constructed for the purpose of securing a judgment or decree of a court in favor of a litigant. It can also be a particular line of reasoning of either party to a suit, for bringing together certain facts of the case in a logical sequence and correlating them in such a manner that it produces a definite result or conclusion in the decision-maker's mind which is favored by the advocate.

1st step engagement, 2 data (SILBT gathering), 3rd understanding of the person, 4 Diagnosis & Recommendations

The Individual, Microsystem (family, peers, school), Mesosystem (interconnections between microsystems) Ecosystem (neighbors, family friends, mass media, social services), Macrosystem (values, customs, culture, society)

Developed by the American psychologist Urie Bronfenbrenner, emphasizes the importance of many different environments on children's development.

history of offender - never going to change

change over time (violent behavior, emotion, resentment to treatment)

criminal acts were caused by qualities within the criminal rather than by environment (even though abused child they had the ability not to take it out on someone else)

Behave to be socially acceptable (reason why a person would lie on witness stand)