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Motions that occur in the saggital plane and frontal axis
flexion and extension
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Motions that occur in the frontal plane and saggital axis?
abduction/adduction, radial/ulnar deviation, inversion/eversion
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Motions that occur in the transverse plane and vertical axis
internal/external rotation, horizontal abduction/adduction, supination/pronation, right and left trunk rotaion
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Define osteokinematics
- relationship of bony movement
- discusses bony movement of a joint
- visible movement of a joint
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Define arthrokinematics
- relationship of joint surface movement
- must have arthokinematic motion to have osteokinematic motion
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Define the axial skeleton
cranium, face,vertebral column, and sternum
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Define appendicular skeleton
extremities
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List the functions of the skeletal system
- Support- for soft tissues of the body
- Movement - bones serve as levers and joints as fulcrum
- Protection - vital organs
- Mineral Storage - calcium and phosphorous
- Provide shape
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Define a synovial joint
- diahthrosis
- plane, hinge, pivot, cndyloid,saddle, ball and socket,
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Define a non-axial joint
- plane joint
- relatively flat joint surfaces
- glide over one another
- no degrees of movement
- example: intercarpla or interstarsal joints
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Define uniaxial
- one plane, one axis
- one degree of freedom
- hinge or pivot
- ex: elbow, knee, or interphalangeal
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Define biaxial
- 2 axes, 2planes
- condyloid or saddle
- ex metacapophalangeal, and radiocarpal
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Define Triaxial
- 3 axes, 3 planes
- ball and socket
- hip and soulder
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Types of arthrokinematic motion
- spin - rotary movement, one surface is fixed and the other surface spins on it
- Roll - one joint surface rolls on another
- Glide - Linear movement, parallel motion
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Convex-concave law
- concave joint surfaces move in the smae direction as the joint motion
- Convex joint surfaces move opposite the direction of the moving body segment
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List the functional Characteristics of Muscle Tissue
- Irritability - react to stimnulus
- Contractility - ability to shorten or contract
- Extensibility - stretch
- Elasticity - rocoil
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Active Insufficiency
- when a muscle reache3s a point where it can't shorten any farther
- occurs when muscles are contracting
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Passive insufficiency
- When a muscles can't be elongates any farther without damage to the fibers
- occurs to the muscles being stretched
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Types of Muscle Contraction
- Isometric- fixed, no motion
- Isotonic - concentric shortening
- eccentric- lengthening
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Roles of Muscles
- Agonist- muscles or muscle group that causes the motion
- Antagonist - muscles tat performs the opposite motion
- Cocontraction - when agonist and antagonist contract at the same time
- Stabilizer- muscle group that supports or makes firm, a part and allow the agonist to wrok more efficently
- Neutralizer - prevents unwanted motion
- Synergist - works with other muscles
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