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Grctiff
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What is property exhibited by electromagnetic radiation? It refers to the speed of the wave as it travels through space.
Velocity
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What is a technique for obtaining cross sectional images of the human body? It does not use x-rays and no radiation.
MRI
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What is the ability to do work and overcome resistance?
Energy
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What does SLOB mean?
Same on linugal opposite buccal
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What does it mean when the portion of the radiograph that is dark?
Radiolucent
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What does it mean when the portion of the radograph appears light?
Radiopaque
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True/False. Enamel is radiopaque because it is dense.
True
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What is the monitoring device containing a special type of film which, when properly developed and interpreted, gives a measurment of the exposure recieved during the time the badge was worn?
Film badge
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What is the size of the beam?
2.75 inches
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What does ALARA stand for?
As Low As Reasonably Achievable
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What is the invisible image produced when the film is exposed of x-rays photons? When the image remains invisible until the film is processed.
latent image
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How far do you need to be away from the tube head?
6 ft
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Where do you wear your film badge?
on your waist to protect your eggs
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What is the correct angulation for Bite Wings?
+ 10 degress
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What is the most common reason for blurred film?
movement
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What are the points of entry?
tip of the nose, ala of the nose, point below pupil of the eye, outer canthus of the eye
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What is the sppot on the surface of the face at which the central ray is directed?
point of entry
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What is the device of layered metal steps of varying thickness used to determine film density and contrast?
step wedge
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What uses a coin and slightly exposed film to determine adequacy?
coin test
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Why do you get a frown?
When the chin is tipped to high
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Why do you get an exaggereated smile?
The chin is tipped to low
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What is the imaginary line from the orbital ridge to the acoustic meatus of the ear?
Frankfort plane
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What gives a continous image produced on the film?
Moving center rotation
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What gives a split image on the film because it stops at the midline?
Double center rotation
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When is three centers rotations are used?
Triple center rotation
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What is the imaginary plane or line from the ala to the tragus and must be positioned apprx. 5 degrees down?
ala-tragus line
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What is also refered to as the open mouth projections that is used to examine fractures of the condylar neck of the mandible?
Reverse Towne radiograph
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What is the distance between two similar points on two successive waves?
wavelength
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What has a negative charge and are constantly in motion oribiting the nucleus?
electrons
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What has a positive charge?
protons
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What has no charge?
neutrons
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What is the formation of ion pairs?
Ionization
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Any radiation that produces ions is called...
ionizing radiation
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Who discovered the x-ray?
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
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When were x-rays discovered?
1895
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Who is believed to have exposed the prototype of the first dental x-ray film?
Otto Walkhoff
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Who is considered by many to be the first advocate for the science of radiation protection?
William Robert Rollins
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Who is given credit for suggesting the bisecting technique?
A. Cieszynski
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Who is given credite for developing the paralleling technique?
Franklin McCormach
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Which imaging modality does not require the use of ionizing radiation?
Magnetic resonance imaging
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What are some mistakes when exposing film?
light hitting film,touching the film, double exposure, bend the film, NOT PUSHING THE RING IN
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What is the ordinary household current used in the United Stated is 110-V, 60 cycle?
Alternating current (AC)
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What flows continuously is one directon?
Direct current (DC)
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What is an example of DC current?
stove, dryer, tanning bed, etc.
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Panoramic radiographs play a valuable role in:
examinig large areas of the facial jaws, lacating impacted teeth or retained root tips, evaluating trauma, lesions, and disease of the jaw, assessing growth and development
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What are the four locations of caries?
proximal, occlusal, buccal/lingual, cemental
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On radiographs what caries are located on the tooth surface that contacts the adjacent tooth?
Proximal caries
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What caries are located on the chewing surface of the posterior teeth?
occlusal caries
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What caries develop between the enamel border and free margin of the gingiva on the comental surface?
cemental caries
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What is panaormic radiographs also known as?
tomograph
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What are the fules for shadow casting?
- 1. small focal spot
- 2. large target object distance
- 3. short object-film distance
- 4. parallel relationship between object and film
- 5. perpendicular relationship between the central ray of the x-ray beam and the object and film
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What controls the size and shape of the useful beam?
collimation
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What is the absorption of the long wavelength, less pentrating c-rays of the polychromatic x-ray beam by passing the beam through a sheet of material?
filter
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What is it when the radiographs are mounted so that the embossed dot is concave?
lingual mouting method
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What is when the radiographs are mounted so that the embossed dot is convex?
labial mouting method
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What are ways the radiographer can reduce the tactile stimuly?
do anterior regions first, place film firmly and expertly, utilize bisecting technique, confuse the sense, and utilize special products
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What system uses rare earth phosphate and stores the x-ray energy until later stimuluation by a laser beam that reads the electrons signal and converts it into digital image?
PSP
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What causes herring bone?
putting the film in backwards
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What causes a lighting bolt appearance?
static
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What causes overlapping?
horizontal angulation
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What is there to abosorb scattered radiation?
lead foil
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What will fluoresce and emit energy in the form of blue or green light when they abosrb x-rays?
Rare Earth Phosphors
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What consits of methods of exposing dental x-ray films within the oral cavity?
intraoral
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What are the three types of intraoral radiographs?
bitewing, periapical examination, occlusal examination
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What shows the entire maxillary or mandibular arch or a portion thereof, on a single film?
occlusal examination
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What is the use of special LED bulb or a filtered white light bulb that provides enough light in the darkroom to allow the clinician to perform activities without exposing or fogging the film?
safe light
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If the dose of radiation is large neough the resultant signs and syptoms that comprise these short term effects are collectively known as ..
acture radiation syndrome ARS
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What is the best way to judge periodontal status or bone level?
verticle BW
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What is used to examine structures of the skull, the maxilla and mandible, and the TMj?
extraoral radiographs
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Extraoral radiographs are used to:
examine large areas of the jaw, study growth and development, detct fractures and evaulate trauma, detect pathological lesions, detect and evaluate impacted teeth, and ecaulate TMD
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What term describes the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element?
atom
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Radiant energy sufficient to remove an elctron from its orbital level of an atom is called:
ionizing
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To get the biggest increase in the quantity of electrons available, increase the:
mA
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What term describes the elctrical pressure between 2 electrical charges?
voltage
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According to the law of B and T cells with a high reproductive rate are described as:
radiosensitive
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Which of these cells are most radiosensitive?
red blood cells
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What cells are most radioresistant?
muscle cells
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Film holding instruments are classified as:
semicriticial objects
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What is not an intraoral survey?
panoramic
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