What is property exhibited by electromagnetic radiation? It refers to the speed of the wave as it travels through space.
Velocity
What is a technique for obtaining cross sectional images of the human body? It does not use x-rays and no radiation.
MRI
What is the ability to do work and overcome resistance?
Energy
What does SLOB mean?
Same on linugal opposite buccal
What does it mean when the portion of the radiograph that is dark?
Radiolucent
What does it mean when the portion of the radograph appears light?
Radiopaque
True/False. Enamel is radiopaque because it is dense.
True
What is the monitoring device containing a special type of film which, when properly developed and interpreted, gives a measurment of the exposure recieved during the time the badge was worn?
Film badge
What is the size of the beam?
2.75 inches
What does ALARA stand for?
As Low As Reasonably Achievable
What is the invisible image produced when the film is exposed of x-rays photons? When the image remains invisible until the film is processed.
latent image
How far do you need to be away from the tube head?
6 ft
Where do you wear your film badge?
on your waist to protect your eggs
What is the correct angulation for Bite Wings?
+ 10 degress
What is the most common reason for blurred film?
movement
What are the points of entry?
tip of the nose, ala of the nose, point below pupil of the eye, outer canthus of the eye
What is the sppot on the surface of the face at which the central ray is directed?
point of entry
What is the device of layered metal steps of varying thickness used to determine film density and contrast?
step wedge
What uses a coin and slightly exposed film to determine adequacy?
coin test
Why do you get a frown?
When the chin is tipped to high
Why do you get an exaggereated smile?
The chin is tipped to low
What is the imaginary line from the orbital ridge to the acoustic meatus of the ear?
Frankfort plane
What gives a continous image produced on the film?
Moving center rotation
What gives a split image on the film because it stops at the midline?
Double center rotation
When is three centers rotations are used?
Triple center rotation
What is the imaginary plane or line from the ala to the tragus and must be positioned apprx. 5 degrees down?
ala-tragus line
What is also refered to as the open mouth projections that is used to examine fractures of the condylar neck of the mandible?
Reverse Towne radiograph
What is the distance between two similar points on two successive waves?
wavelength
What has a negative charge and are constantly in motion oribiting the nucleus?
electrons
What has a positive charge?
protons
What has no charge?
neutrons
What is the formation of ion pairs?
Ionization
Any radiation that produces ions is called...
ionizing radiation
Who discovered the x-ray?
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
When were x-rays discovered?
1895
Who is believed to have exposed the prototype of the first dental x-ray film?
Otto Walkhoff
Who is considered by many to be the first advocate for the science of radiation protection?
William Robert Rollins
Who is given credit for suggesting the bisecting technique?
A. Cieszynski
Who is given credite for developing the paralleling technique?
Franklin McCormach
Which imaging modality does not require the use of ionizing radiation?
Magnetic resonance imaging
What are some mistakes when exposing film?
light hitting film,touching the film, double exposure, bend the film, NOT PUSHING THE RING IN
What is the ordinary household current used in the United Stated is 110-V, 60 cycle?
Alternating current (AC)
What flows continuously is one directon?
Direct current (DC)
What is an example of DC current?
stove, dryer, tanning bed, etc.
Panoramic radiographs play a valuable role in:
examinig large areas of the facial jaws, lacating impacted teeth or retained root tips, evaluating trauma, lesions, and disease of the jaw, assessing growth and development
What are the four locations of caries?
proximal, occlusal, buccal/lingual, cemental
On radiographs what caries are located on the tooth surface that contacts the adjacent tooth?
Proximal caries
What caries are located on the chewing surface of the posterior teeth?
occlusal caries
What caries develop between the enamel border and free margin of the gingiva on the comental surface?
cemental caries
What is panaormic radiographs also known as?
tomograph
What are the fules for shadow casting?
1. small focal spot
2. large target object distance
3. short object-film distance
4. parallel relationship between object and film
5. perpendicular relationship between the central ray of the x-ray beam and the object and film
What controls the size and shape of the useful beam?
collimation
What is the absorption of the long wavelength, less pentrating c-rays of the polychromatic x-ray beam by passing the beam through a sheet of material?
filter
What is it when the radiographs are mounted so that the embossed dot is concave?
lingual mouting method
What is when the radiographs are mounted so that the embossed dot is convex?
labial mouting method
What are ways the radiographer can reduce the tactile stimuly?
do anterior regions first, place film firmly and expertly, utilize bisecting technique, confuse the sense, and utilize special products
What system uses rare earth phosphate and stores the x-ray energy until later stimuluation by a laser beam that reads the electrons signal and converts it into digital image?
PSP
What causes herring bone?
putting the film in backwards
What causes a lighting bolt appearance?
static
What causes overlapping?
horizontal angulation
What is there to abosorb scattered radiation?
lead foil
What will fluoresce and emit energy in the form of blue or green light when they abosrb x-rays?
Rare Earth Phosphors
What consits of methods of exposing dental x-ray films within the oral cavity?
intraoral
What are the three types of intraoral radiographs?
What shows the entire maxillary or mandibular arch or a portion thereof, on a single film?
occlusal examination
What is the use of special LED bulb or a filtered white light bulb that provides enough light in the darkroom to allow the clinician to perform activities without exposing or fogging the film?
safe light
If the dose of radiation is large neough the resultant signs and syptoms that comprise these short term effects are collectively known as ..
acture radiation syndrome ARS
What is the best way to judge periodontal status or bone level?
verticle BW
What is used to examine structures of the skull, the maxilla and mandible, and the TMj?
extraoral radiographs
Extraoral radiographs are used to:
examine large areas of the jaw, study growth and development, detct fractures and evaulate trauma, detect pathological lesions, detect and evaluate impacted teeth, and ecaulate TMD
What term describes the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element?
atom
Radiant energy sufficient to remove an elctron from its orbital level of an atom is called:
ionizing
To get the biggest increase in the quantity of electrons available, increase the:
mA
What term describes the elctrical pressure between 2 electrical charges?
voltage
According to the law of B and T cells with a high reproductive rate are described as: