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AIDS
1981: in the US, cluster of
Pneumocystis
and
Kaposi's sarcoma
discovered in young homosexual men. The men showed loss of immune function.
1983: Discovery of virus causing loss of immune function
Origin of AIDS
Crossed the species barrier into humans in Africa in the 1930s
Patients who died in 1959 in Congo is the oldest known case
Spread worldwide through modern transportation and unsafe sexual practices
About AIDS:
Virus destroys T4 lymphocytes (T
H
cells)
No T
H
cells = no immunity
-affects B cell activation which then affects Ab production
Three Main Steps:
Attachment
--some ppl have defective host cell receptors
Fusion
Entry
Can have:
Active HIV infection in:
-Macrophanges
-CD4
+
T cells
Latent HIV infection in:
-Macrophanges
-CD4
+
T cells
The Stages of HIV Infection:
Phase 1: asymptomatic or chronic lympademopathy
Phase 2: symptomatic; early indications of immune failure
Phase 3: AIDS indicator conditions
Preventing AIDS
Use condoms
Use sterile needles (IDUs)
Circumcision
Health care workers use universal precautions:
-wear gloves, gowns, masks, goggles
-do not recap needles
-risk of infection from infected needlestick injury is 0.3%
Vaccine Difficulties
Mutations
Clades
Antibody-binding sites "hidden"
Infected cells not susceptible to CTLs
Proviruses
Latent viruses
Chemotherapy
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Protease inhibitors
Fusion inhibitors
HAART
Highly active antiretroviral therapy
combinations of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors plus:
-non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor or
-protease inhibitor
Author
aliceaustin
ID
53288
Card Set
Microbiology
Description
AIDS
Updated
2011-08-04T01:39:52Z
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