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What is the Kinetic Theory?
all matter is made of atoms that are always in motion
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What are the 4 states of matter?
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Why does a solid have a definate shape and volume?
- Definate shape- b/c the atoms are low energy and in fixed, rigid positions
- Definate volume-
b/c the atoms are already very close together
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____ solids have a crystal structure or a lattice structure that holds the atoms in place
-atoms attach in lattice in repeating, geometric patterns
"true" solids
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______ solids appear to be solid, but do not have a crystal/lattice structure
-they are actually very thick liquids...
"Amorphus solids"
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Why do liquids have an indefinate shape, but a definate volume?
Indefinate shape- b/c liquid atoms are higher energy and are NOT in fixed, rigid positions, making them pourable as the atoms move past eachother
Definate volume- b/c the atoms are still very close together, so they cannot be compressed
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Liquids may be described by their _______
viscosity
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Why do gases have an indefinate shape and volume?
Indefinate shape- b/c the atoms are extremely active
- Indefinate volume- b/c the atoms are widely spread
- -gases can be compressed
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Why does plasma conduct electricity and emit light?
- -the electrons within the atoms are highly energized, causing them to jump out of "orbit," then back in, releasing a photon of light
- -these free flowing electrons conduct electricity
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-What is the equation for Pressure?
-What is Pressure measured in?
- - P=F/A
- - Pascals or KiloPascals
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Atmospheric pressure equals how many pascals?
-101,000 Pa
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What law is this...
if you increase the temperature of a gas, the volume will increase and vice-versa
Charles Law
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Explain Charles Law using kinetic theory.
as the temperature of the gas increases, the atoms move faster, pushing their neighbors further away, thus increasing the volume of the gas
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What law is this...
If you decrease the volume of a gas, the pressure of the gas will increase and vice-versa
Boyles Law
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Explain Bloyles law using kinetic theory.
if the volume of gas is increased, the atoms have a further distance to travel to hit the sides of the container, thus hitting less often, causing a decrease in the pressure inside the container...vice-versa
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Fill in the Blanks. (Endothermic)
A solid _____ into a liquid, a liquid can _______ or _______ into a gas, and a solid ________ into a gas.
- -melts
- -evaporate
- -vaporate
- -sublimates
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Fill in the blanks. (Exothermic)
A gas _______ into a liquid, a liquid ______ into a solid, and a gas _______ into a solid.
- -condensates
- -freezes
- -deposition or deposes
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-a specific amount of energy absorbed by a substance as it changes from a soid to a liquid and released as it changes from a liquid to a solid
heat fusion
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-a specific amount of energy absorbed by a substance as it changes from a liquid to a gas and released as it changes from a gas back to a liquid
heat of vaporization
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How does pressure affect changes of state?
- -if you increase pressure on a liquid as it is heated, you can increase the boiling point above normal
- - if you decrease pressure on a liquid, it will boil at a lower temperature
-adding impurites can affect the temperature in which materials change state (ex: sand melts ice on roads)
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What principle is this...
-If the velocity of a fluid is high, then the pressure of that fluid is high, conversely, if the velocity of a fluid is low, the pressure in that fluid is high
Bernouli's principle
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The Ventri Effect states...
-when a fluid passes through a narrow channel, the velocity will increase, causing low pressure(ex: rapids)
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What principle is this...
-this principle explains why we feel so weightless when submerged ina fluid
Archimedes principle
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The upward force felt by an object due to the weight of fluid displaced by that object
buoyant force
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What principle is this...
-pressure is transmitted unchanged and evenly throughout an enclosed fluid
pascals principle
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