Chapter 10

The experience.

A positive or negative experience thats associated with a particular patetrn of physiological activity.

First you see the bear, then you're heart starts pounding then you experience fear, which is simply your experience of your body's activity.

A stimulus simultaneously triggers activity in the autonomic nervous system and emotional experience in the brain.

Emotions are inferences about the causes of undifferentiated physiological arousal.

1.Valence (how +ve or -ve the experience is)

2. Arousal (how active or passive the experience is)

An evaluation of the emotion-relevant aspects of a stimulus that is performed by the amygdala.

Animals with thsi become hypersexual and will attempt to mate with members of different species and even inanimate objects.

amygdala

make a very rapid appraisal of a stimulus, and thus it doesnt require much info.

cortical; limbic

The use of cognitice and behavioural strategies to influeance one's emotional experience.

Strategy involving changining ones emotional experiences by changing the meaning of the emotiona-eliciting stimulus.

Any observable sign of an emotional state.

The hypothesis that emotional expressions have the same meaning for everyone. Charles Darwin.

Evidence:

• 1.people accurately judge emotional expressions of other cultures.
• 2. People who have never seen a human face make the same facial expressions.

43;10000

Symbols; Signs.

Suggests that emotional expressions can cause the emotional experiences they signify.

• Intensification - Exaggerating
• Deintensification - Muting. (ex. not showing disappointment when you lose)
• Masking - expressing one emotion while feeling another.
• Neutralizing - feeling but not displaying. (ex. judges)

• 1. Morphology: Certain facial muscles tend to resist conscious control. (ex. difference between fake and real smile: eye crinkles)
• 2. Symmetry: Sincere is more symmetrical than fake.
• 3. Duration: Sincere last 0.5-5 seconds & anything shorter/longer isnt sincere.
• 4. Temporal Patterning: Sincere appear and disappear smoothly, insincere doesnt - very abrupt.

Zero

Lie detector

Purpose for or cause of an action

• 1. emotions provide us with information about the world.
• 2. emotions are the objectives towards which we strive.

believe member of family is an imposter. Occurs due to damaged connection between temporal lobe and limbic system.

The idea that all people are motivated to experience pleasure and avoid pain.

They believed that...

1. behaviour should be explained by the external stimuli that evoke it.

2. all complex behaviour was learned - cant be inherited!

Tendency for a system to take action to keep itself in a particular state.

Internal state generated by departures from physiological optimality.

• Need for self-actualization
• Esteem needs
• Belongingness and love needs
• Safety and security
• Physiological needs

orexigenic; anorexigenic

Lateral; ventromedical

hormone involved in the initial onset of sexual desire.

1. During the excitement phase, muscle tension and blood flow increase in and around the sexual organ

2. During the plateau phase, heart rate and muscle tension increase further.

3. During the orgasm phase, breathing becomes extremely rapid and the pelvic muscles begin a series of rhythim contractions.

5. During the resolution phase, muscles relax, blood pressure drops, and body returns to its resting state. Most men&women experience a refractory period (further stimulation doesnt produce excitement)

• 1. Extrinsic - not rewarding but lead to reward.
• 2. Intrinsic - rewarding.
• 3. Conscious - of which one is aware.
• 4. Unconscious - of which one is unaware.
• 5. Approach - to experience +ve outcomes
• 6. Avoidance - not to experience -ve outcomes. More powerful than approach.
• 7. Need for achievement - solve worthwile problems.