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Accuracy
The closeness of a measurement to the true value.
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atoms
A neutral particle having one nucleus; the smallest representative sample of an element.
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chemical change
A change that converts substances into other substances; a chemical reaction.
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chemical property
The ability of a substance, either by itself or with other substances, to undergo a change into new substances.
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chemical reactions
A change in which new substances (products) form from starting materials (reactants).
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compound
A substance consisting of chemically combined atoms from two or more elements and present in a definite ratio.
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conclusion
A statement that is based on what we think about a series of observations.
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data
The information (often in the form of physical quantities) obtained in an experiment or other experience or from references.
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decomposition
A chemical reaction that changes one substance into two or more simpler substances.
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extensive property
A property of an object that is described by a physical quantity whose magnitude is proportional to the size or amount of the object (e.g., mass or volume)
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hypotheses
A tentative explanation of the results of experiments.
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intensive properties
A property whose physical magnitude is independent of the size of the sample, such as density or temperature.
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law
A description of behavior (and not an explanation of behavior) based on the results of many experiments.
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mixtures
Any matter consisting of two or more substances physically combined in no particular proportion by mass.
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molecules
A neutral particle composed of two or more atoms combined in a definite ratio of whole numbers.
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observation
A statement that accurately describes something we see, hear, taste, feel, or smell.
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physical change
A change that is not accompanied by a change in chemical makeup.
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physical property
A property that can be specified without reference to another substance and that can be measured without causing a chemical change.
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Precision
How reproducible measurements are; the fineness of a measurement as indicated by the number of significant figures reported in the physical quantity.
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properties
A characteristic of matter.
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pure substances
An element or a compound.
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Qualitative observations
Observations that do not involve numerical information.
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quantitative observations
An observation involving a measurement and numerical information.
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scientific method
The observation, explanation, and testing of an explanation by additional experiments.
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significant figures
The digits in a physical measurement that are known to be certain plus the first digit that contains uncertainty.
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solution
A homogeneous mixture in which all particles are of the size of atoms, small molecules, or small ions.
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theory
A tested explanation of the results of many experiments.
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uncertainties
The amount by which a measured quantity deviates from the true or actual value.
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